Wisconsin Gazetteer 1853: Names, Location, And Advantages Of The Cities, Towns, Villages, Post-Offices And Settlements, Together With A Description Of The Lakes, Water Courses, Prairies, And Public Localities In The State Of Wisconsin-For 1853.

Alphabetically Arranged.

NOTICE.-Names and descriptions prepared too late for their proper place, will be found in the Appendix. (they originally were in the appendix but I merged them into the mail listings.

ABBEVIATIONS.-
C. H., Court House, or County Seat;
L., Lake;
Pr., Prairie;
P. O., Post Office;
P. V., Post Village;
R., River;
T, Town;
V., Village.

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[ H ] [ I ] [ J ] [ K ] [ L ] [ M ] [ N ]
[ O ] [ P ][ Q ] [ R ] [ S ] [ T ]
[ U ] [ V ] [ W ] [ Y ]

[ D ]

DAKOTAH, Town, in county of Waushara, being town 18 N., of range 10; centrally located, 10 miles west from Sacramento.

DANE, Town, in county of Dane, being town 9 N., of range 8 E.; centrally located, 15 miles northwest from Madison.

DANE, County, is bounded on the northwest by the Wisconsin river, by which it is separated from Sauk; on the north by Columbia, on the east by Dodge and Jefferson, south by Rock and Green, and west by Iowa. It was established from Milwaukee and Iowa, and attached to Iowa for judicial purposes December 7, 1836, and fully organized March 11, 1839. The seat of justice is at Madison, near the geographical centre of the county, and the Court House is the best in the State. Dane county contains about 1,250 square miles, mostly of good tillable land, and a fertile soil, well apportioned between woodland, openings and prairie, and is well adapted to grazing, and the raising of grain, roots and fruit. There is, in the county, considerable non-resident land which can be bought on reasonable terms. One of the most attractive features of the county is its beautiful lakes of clear, pure cold water, originating in deep springs. The Catfish river forms the outlet of these lakes, and passes from the northwest to the southeast completely through the chain known as the Four Lakes. The county is connected with the second judicial circuit, the second congressional district, and constitutes the eleventh senate district. It is divided into assembly districts as follows: 1st. The towns of Dunkirk, Christiana, Pleasant Springs and Albion. 2d. The towns of Cottage Grove, Deerfield, Sun Prairie, Medina, York and Bristol. 3d. The towns of Velrona, Monitrose, Oregoon, Greenfield, Dunn and Rutland. 4th. The towns of Perry, Primrose, Blue Mounds, Springdale, Cross Plains, Middleton, Springfield, Berry, Black Earth, Roxbury and Dane. 5th. The village and town of Madison, and the towns of Burk, Blooming Grove, Westport, Vienna and Windsor. The county is watered by the Catfish and Sugar rivers, and Black Earth, Badfish, Token, Waterloo and Koskonong creeks. The population in 1836 was Ebenezer Brighami; 1838, 172; 1840, 314; 1842, 8,289; S18-i7, 10,935; 1850, 16,654. Farms, 1,511; manufactories, 87; dwellings, 3,510. County Officers: County Judge, X. Bishop Eddy; Clerk of the Court, Charles Lumm; Sheriff, Willet S. Main; Register, John B. Sweat; Clerk of Board Supervisors, Gabriel Bjornsen; District Attorney, Samuel H. Roys; Treasurer, Philo Dunning; Surveyvor, Russel Babbitt; Coroner, Andrew Bishop.

DARIEN, P. V., in town of same name, Walworth county.

DARIEN, Town, in county of Walworth, being town 2 N., of range 15 E.; centrally located, 10 miles southwest from Elkhorn, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 1,013. It has 8 school districts.

DARTFORD, P. V., in town of Brooklyn, the seat of justice of Marquette county, is located on the outlet of Green Lake, in the openings on section 21, town 16 N., of range 13 E.; 65 miles northeast from Madison. It contains about 400 temperate and industrious inhabitants. It is on the stage route from Milwaukee to Berlin and Plover, as also on the great western thoroughfare from Sheboygan and Fond du Lac. The climate of this vicinity is very healthy. It has 58 dwellings, 5 stores, 1 hotel, 4 mills, 5 mechanical shops, 1 church, and 3 organized religious denominations.

DAYTON, Town, (formerly Middletown), in county of Marquette.

DAYTON, Town, (formerly, Embarrass), in northeast corner of the county of Waupacca. It was organized in the fall of 1852.

DAYTON, Town, in county of Waushara, being town 21, of range 11.

DEAD, Lake, in town 24 X., of range 14 W., in Chippewa county.

DEAD, Lake:, near Madison, in Dane county.

DEATH'S, Door, the entrance from Lake Michigan to Green Bay, between Plum Island an the main land of Door county.

DECATUR, P. V., in town of same name, in Green county.

DECATUR, Town, in the county of Green, being town 2 N., of range 9; centrally located, southeast from Monroe. The population in 1850 was 558. It has 7 school districts.

DEER, Creek, a tributary from the northwest, rises in Waushara county, entering Mechan river in town 17 N., of range 9.

DEER, Creek, a small stream, entering Rock river about 2 miles above Fort Atkinson.

DEER, Lake, is a small lake in the town of Harmony, Rock county.

DEERFIELD, Town, in county of Dane, being town 7 N., of range 12 E.; centrally located, 16 miles east from Madison.

DEERFIELD, P. O., in Dane county, on section 9, town 7 N., of range 12 E.; 16( miles east from Madison, at Junction of Columbus and Janesville stage road with the great eastern mail route and thoroughfare from Galena to Milwaukee. It has 75 inhabitants, 13 dwellings, 2 stores, and 1 hotel; and is located in the vicinity of good timber, prairie and openings, and has excellent water. This place is well known as "Hyer's," in honor of D. R. Hyer, by whom it was settled in 1843, at which time he was the only settler within 6 miles.

DEKORRA, Town, in county of Columbia, being town 11 N., of ranges 9 and 10 E.; centrally located, 10 miles from Portage city. The population in 1850 was 661. It has 8 school districts.

DEKORRA, P. V., in Columbia county, on section 6, town 11 N., of range 9 E.; 6 miles south from Portage city, and 30 miles northwest from Madison. Its location is on the east side of the Wisconsin river, at the mouth of Rocky Run creek, and has 150 inhabitants, 45 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 hotels, 1 mill, and 1 methodist church.

DEKORRA, Mounds, in La Crosse county, on sections 3 and 4, town 18 N., of range 7 W., near Black river.

DELAFIELD, TOWN, in county of Waukesha, being town 7 N., of range 1S E.; centrally located, 9 miles northwest from Waukesha. The population in 1850 was 1,134. It has 5 school districts.

DELAFIELD. P. V., on Bark river, in town of same name in Waukesha county, on section 20. The former great western thoroughfare, from Milwaukee to Madison, passed through this place, but since the completion of the Watertown and Milwaukee plank road, which passes 2 1/2 miles north, the village has lost, in a great degree, the activity and bustle that once characterized it. It has 2 good flouring mills, 1 machine shop, 4 stores, 3 hotels, 3 shoe shops, 3 blacksmiths, 2 cabinet and 2 waggon maker's shops.

DELAVAN, P. V., in town of same name, Walworth county, being on section 18. It is the seat of the Wisconsin Deaf and Dumb Institution; has an excellent flour mill with good hydraulic power, and one of the best nurseries in the State. It is 60 miles southeast from Madison.

DELAVAN, Town, in Walworth county, being town 2 N., of range 16 E.; centrally located, 5 miles southeast from Elkhorn, the county seat. The population in 1850, was 1,260. It has 6 school districts.

DELAVAN, Lake, is in the southern part of the town of the same name. It is about three miles in length, and one in width, discharging its waters through its outlet into Turtle creek.

DELHI, P. V., in Winnebago county, on section 20, town 18, of range 20. It is located on the south side of Fox river, 12 miles northwest from Oshkosh and 80 miles northeast from Madison. Population 150; 40 dwellings, 3 stores, 1 hotel, and 2 mills.

DELL, Creek, a considerable tributary from the west, entering the Wisconsin river in the town of New Buffalo, Sauk county.

DELL, Creek, P. O., on creek of same name, in Sauk county.

DELL, Prairie, a large prairie near the Dells of Wisconsin.

DELLOXA, P. 0., Sauk county, in town of the same name, near centre of town 1 3, of range S E.; 15 miles northerly from Baraboo, and 55 miles northwest from Madison. It is half way between Reedsburg and Delton, being about 6 miles from each.

DELLONA, Town, in Sauk county, being town 13 N., of range 5 E., The population is about 400.

DELLS, in Chippewa river, in town 28, of range 9 W.

DELLS, in Wisconsin river, in town 15 N., of range 5 E. The river passes between rocks, 300 feet high, for S miles.

DELLTON, P. V., in Sauk county, in town of Deltona, on section 21, town 13 N., of range 6 E.; 10 miles northerly from Baraboo, and 50 miles from Madison. It is well situated on Dell creek, one and a half miles from its mouth into the Wisconsin. It has a steamboat navigation with the Upper Mississippi, through the Wisconsin river, which is navigable to this point. It is also on the proposed route of the Milwaukee and La Crosse railroad. It has 140 inhabitants, 34 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 hotels, 2 churches, and 7 mechanical shops.

DELTONA, Town, in county of Sauk, being town 13 N., of range 6 E.; centrally located, northwest from Baraboo. It has 6 school districts.

DENOON, P. V., Waukesha county, on the north line of Racine county, on section 32, town 5 N., of range 20 E. (Muskego), and section 5, town 4 N., of range 20 E. (Norway); 15 miles southeast from Waukesha, 25 miles northwest from Racine, and 80 miles southeast from Madison. It is located on the Milwaukee and Rochester plank road, 20 miles southwest from Milwaukee, on the east bank of Denoon lake. Population 100; 10 dwellings, 1 store, 1 hotel, several mechanical shops, and 1 Lutheran church.

DEPERE, Rapids, on thie Fox river, 7 miles above Green Bay. They are improved by a dam at Depere.

DEPERE P. V. and C. H., in the county of Brown, in town 23 N., of range 21 E., 110 miles northeast from Madison. It was first settled A. D. 1672, and a small log church was built by the Jesuits. The first court house and jail in the State was erected here, also the first saw mill, which was built in 1824. It has a bridge and draw 2,500 feet long, across Fox river. It is the head of lake and foot of river navigation. It has a most beautiful and healthy location, being on both sides the river Neenah. Population 1,200; 400 dwellings, 10 stores, 4 hotels, 7 mills, 4 shingle factories, 2 extensive fisheries, yielding annually 1,500 barrels of fish; 2 churches, and 5 denominations.

DEPERE, Town, in Brown county.

DES PLAINE, River, in Kenosha county. See O'Plaine river.

DETOUR, River, is a small stream, entering Lake Superior east of Herron river.

DETROIT, Island, is at the connection of Green Bay and Lake Michigan, south from Pottawattamne Island. It is 4 miles long and half a mile wide.

DEVIL'S, Chimney, so called, a natural curiosity, is situated near the village of Mount Vernon, in Dane county. It consists of a tall round arch about 20 feet in diameter and 125 feet high. The surrounding country being comparatively level.

DEVIL'S, River, see East river, Brown county.

DICKERMAN'S, Creek, rises in the south part of Nekimi, Winnebago county, and runs northeasterly into lake Winnebago.

DICKEY'SVILLE, P.O., in Grant county, on section 22, town 2 N., of range 2 W., being in the town of Paris, 20 miles south from Lancaster, and 125 miles southwest from Madison, on the Galena and Mississippi stage route. Population 50, with 6 stores, 1 hotel, and 1 church.

DODGE, County, is bounded on the north by Marquette and Fond du Lac, on the east by Fond du Lac and Washington, on the south by Waukesha and Jefferson, and on the west by Dane and Columbia; and is 30 miles square. It was so named in honor of General Dodge, first Governor of the territory, and was set off from Brown, December 7, 1836, to which it remained attached for judicial purposes until January 13, 1840, when it was organized for county purposes, and its judicial connection changed to Jefferson. It was fully organized Jan. 20, 1844. The seat of justice is at the village of Juneau, formerly known as Dodge Centre. The surface of the country, west of Rock river, is diversified with openings, prairie, and good hay marsh; and the soil being good, it is well adapted to the raising of wheat and the summer grains, and to grazing. East of the river it is timbered with a heavy growth of maple and other hard woods, and the soil produces the grain crop with equal advantage with the other side, while it is more naturally adapted to the growth of the cultivated grasses. Near the banks of Rock river are beds of iron ore, which are success fully worked. Dodge county forms a part of the third judicial circuit, and of the third congressional district, and constitutes the twenty-second senate district. It is divided into six assembly districts, as follows: 1. Towns of Leroy, Lomyra, Williamnstown and Theresa. 2. Towns of Hubbard, Hiermon, Hustisford and Rubicon. 3. Towns of Emmet, Lebanon and Ashippun. 4. Towns of Elba, Lowell, Clyman, Portland and Shields. 5. Towns of Fox Lake, Trenton, Westford, Calamus and Beaver Dam. 6. Towns of Chester, Burnette and Oak Grove. It is watered by the Crawfish, Roc and Beaver Dam rivers, and their tributaries. The population in 1838 was 18; 1840, 67; 1842, 149; 1846, 7,787; 1847, 14,905; and 1850, 19,140. Dwellings, 3,561; farms, 2,338; manufactories, 30. County Officers: County Judge, S. L. Rose; Sheriff, Benj. Ferguson; Clerk of Court, J. B. Ribble; Register of Deeds, N. Juneau; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, E. Sweeney; County Treasurer, L. Merz.

DODGE CENTRE, see Juneau.

DODGE'S, Branch, of the Peckatonnica river, rises near Dodgeville, Iowa county, and runs southerly through the eastern portion of Iowa and Lafayette counties, entering the Peckatonnica in the southeast corner of Wyota, Lafayette county.

DODGEVILLE, Town, in the county of Iowa.

DODGEVILLE, P. V., in town of same name, being on section 34. The village contains about 100 inhabitants, mostly miners, (English and Welsh.) There are 3 churches, 9 stores, and 1 smelting furnace. The country surrounding is well adapted to farming, and is well watered.

DOUGHERTY, River, rises in York, Green county, and runs southwest, entering the Peckatonnica, in the south part of the town of Argyle, Lafayette county.

DOUGLASS, Creek, a small branch from the north, in town 19 N., of range 5 W.

DOUGLASS, Harbor, on the western shore of Lake Michigan, in town 30, Door county.

DOOR, County, is located between Green Bay and Lake Michigan, and is bounded on the north and east by the State line of Michigan, on the south by Kewaunee, and on the west by Oconto. It was set off from Brown, February 11, 1851. It then included the present county of Kewaunee, and was attached to Manitowoc for judicial government. The county seat was established at Gibralter, on Gibralter Bay, here before known as Bailey's Harbor, on the west shore of Lake Michigan, in town 30 N., of range 28 E. Door county is for legislative and county purposes, in connection with Brown county. It has several small streams emptying into the Bay and into Lake Superior.

DOOR, Creek,, Dane county, rises in Sun Prairie, and runs south, emptying into First Lake.

DOOR CREEK, P. O., is on Liberty Prairie, in town of Cottage Grove, county of Dane, on section 33, town 7 N., of range 11 E. It is 11 miles east of south from Madison, and contains 1 store, 1 hotel, and methodist and presbyterian congregations.

DOTY'S, Island, is between the villages of Menasha and Neenah, in lake Winnebago, at its outlet. It contains about 750 acres of land, the residence of Governor Doty.

DOTY's, River, a small tributary of Rock river, which it enters, in the north part of Dodge county.

DOTYVILLE, P. V., in town of Forest, Fond du Lac county, on sections 13 and 14.

DOVER, Town, in county of Racine, being town 3 N., of range 20 E.; centrally located, 16 miles west of Racine. The population in 1850 was 840. It has 5 school districts.

DOVER, P. V., on section 24, town of same name, in Iowa county, 33 miles northeast from Mineral Point, and 27 northwest from Madison. The location is near the junction of the Blue Mound and Black Earth rivers, 2 miles above the Wisconsin, at the crossing of the western thoroughfare to the pinery, and the eastern thoroughfare from Richland county. Population 100; with 20 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 hotel, 1 flouring mill, a school house, mechanics of nearly all kinds, and several religious denominations.

DUCK, Creek, Columbia county, rises in the northeast corner of the county, and running southwest, enters the Wisconsin about 3 miles below the Portage.

DUCK CREEK, is the outlet of Golden Lake, on the line between Waukesha and Jefferson counties, and empties into Bark river about half way between Palmyra and Fort Atkinson.

DUCK, lake, Walworth county, see Como Lake.

DUCK, River, (or Duck Creek of Green Bay), rises in the northwest corner of the town of Kaukauna, and runs northeast parallel to the, Neenah, through the Oneida Reservation, entering Green Bay a few miles below the mouth of the Oieenah.

DUNDAS, P. O., in Calumet county.

DUNKIRK, P. 0., in Dane county.

DUNKIRK, Town, in couny of Dane, being town 5 N., of range 11 F.; centrally located, 16 miles southeast from Madison. It has 7 school districts.

DUNKIRK FALLS, Rapids, in the Catfish river, in which the descent is 6 feet, in a distance of little over a mile.

DUNN, Town, in county of Dane, being town 6 N., of range 10 E.; centrally located, S miles southeast from Madison. The population in 1850 was 258. It has 6 school districts.

[ E ]

EAGLE, Town, in the county of Waukesha, being town 15 N., of range 17 E.; centrally located, 18 miles southwest from Waukesha. The population in 1850 was 81S6. It has 6 school districts.

EAGLE, Bay, a bay of Green Bay, about 16 miles northeast from Sturgeon Bay, extending easterly into Door county.

EAGLE, Creek, rises in the northwest corner of Richland county, and running southeast enters the Wisconsin, near the fourth principal meridian.

EAGLE, Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi, near range line between ranges 11 and 12 east.

EAGLE, Harbor, western part of Eagle Bay of Green Bay, Door county.

EAGLE, Lake, is about a mile and a half long, near the centre of the town of Dover, in Racine county.

EAGLE, Mills, on Eagle creek, about two miles above its mouth.

EAGLE POINT, Town, in county of Portage, being all of same, west of range 5.

EAGLE, Prairie, a large prairie in the southwest part of town of same name, in Waukesha county, on which is located a depot of the Milwaukee and Mississippi railroad.

EAGLEVILLE, P. O., in the southeast corner of the town of Eagle on section 25, in Waukesha county.

EAST Branch, of the Peckatonica river. See Dodge's branch.

EAST Branch, of the Menomonee river of Milwaukee, which it enters from the west, in the town of Granville.

EAST FORK, Creek, the northeastern branch of Grant river, rises in Wingville, Grant county, and runs southwesterly, through Lancaster, into that river in Beetown.

EAST river (Manitoo or Devil's), Brown county, rises in the south part of the county, running parallel, on the east, to Fox river, into which it empties about two miles below the village of Green Bay.

EAST TROY, P. V., Walworth county, on sections 19, 20, 29 and 30, in town of same name, 12 miles northeast from Elkhorn, and 73 miles southeast from Madison. It is a beautiful inland village, in a good farming district, 35 miles southwest from Milwaukee, and 33 miles northwest from Racine. Population 400, with 75 dwellings, 5 stores, 2 hotels, 2 mills, several mechanical shops, a Baptist, Presbyterian and Methodist denomination.

EAST TROY, Town, in county of Walworth, being town 4 N., of range 13 E.; centrally located, 13 miles southeast from Elkhorn. The population in 1850 was 1,318. It has 7 school districts.

EAU PLAINE, P. V., on Wisconsin river, at Dubay's trading post at the mouth of Little O'Plaine, in northern part of Portage county.

EDEN, Town, in the county of Fond du Lac, being town 14 N., of range 18 E.; centrally located, 10 miles southeast from Fond du Lac. The population in 1850 was 840. It has 8 school districts.

EDEN, P. 0., in same town, Fond du Lac county.

EDSON, Town, in Manitowoc county. (this may be labeled wrong, likely should be Chippewa county)

EIGHT MILE, Creek, rises in the town of Nekimi, Winnebago county, and runs westerly into the outlet of Rush lake.

ELBA, P. O., in town of same name, Dodge county.

ELBA, Town, in the county of Dodge, being town 10 N., of range 13 E.; centrally located, 12 miles southwest from Juneau. The population in 1850 was 1,548. It has 7 school districts.

EL DORADO, Town, in the county of Fond du Lac, being town 16 N., of range 16 E.; centrally located, 7 miles northwest from Fond du Lac. The population in 1850 was 504.

EL DORADO, P. O., in town of same name, Fond du Lac county.

ELK, P. O., in Bad Ax county.

ELK, River, a branch from the north, of Chippewa river, rises in town 26 N., of range 11 W.

ELK GROVE, P. O., in town of same name, Lafayette county.

ELK GROVE, Town, in Lafayette county.

ELKHART, Lake (Big), in the town of Rhine, Sheboygan county, on sections 29 and 30 of town 16 N., of range 21 E.

ELKHART, Lake (Little), on sections 33 and 34, of town 16, of range 2 E.

ELKHART, P. V., Sheboygan county, on section 31, in the town of Rhine, town 16 N., of range 21 east, 20 miles northwest from Sheboygan.

ELKHORN, P. V.. and C. I., Walworth county, on section 36, town 3 N., of range 13 E., at the geographical centre of the county. It is in town of same name, 65 miles southeast from Madison. Population 250, with 60 dwellings, 4 stores, 2 hotels, steam mill, various mechanical shops, and 4 religious denominations.

ELKHORN, Town, in county of Walworth, comprising section 1, town 2 N., of section 36 of town 3, range 16 E., and section 6, of town 2, and section 31 of town 3 N., of range 17 E. It is the county seat. The population is 600.

ELLENBORO', P. V., Grant county, on section 28, in the town of highland, town 4 N., of range 2 W.; 7 miles southeast from Lancaster, and 95 miles southwest from Madison. It is located on Platte river, about half way between Platteville and Lancaster, on the mail route from Galena to the Upper Mississippi, and is in a good farming district, with excellent water power, with considerable vacant land, and unimproved hydraulic power. Population 51, 7 dwellings, 1 store, 1 hotel, 2 mills, and a blacksmith and carpenter's shop.

ELLENBORO', Town, (recently south half of Highland), in county of Grant, being town 4 N., of range 2 W.; centrally located 8 miles southeast from Lancaster.

ELLINGTON, P. V., in county of Outagamie, on section 20, of town 22 N., of range 16 E.; 13 miles northwest from Grand Chute, 130 miles northeast from Madison. It is located on the road from Green Bay (36 miles) to Plover Portage (70 miles). It is 28 miles from Oshkosh, and 35 miles from Lake Shawanaw. Population 150, with 35 dwellings, 2 mills, 2 hotels and several religious denominations.

ELLINGTON, Town, in county of Outagamie, being towns 23 and 24 N., of range 16 E.; centrally located, 20 miles northwest from Grand Chute. It has 3 school districts.

EMPARRASS, Town, in county of Waupacca, being towns 23, 24 and 25 N., of range 14 E.; centrally located, north from Mukwa.

EMARRASS, River, see Bad or Mannaise river of La Pointe county.

EMERALD GROVE, P. V., in town of Bradford, Rock county.

EMMET, P. O., in town of same name, Dodge county.

EMMET, Town,, ill county of Dodge, being town 9 N., of range 15 E.; centrally located, 12 miles south from Juneau. The population in 1 850 was 1,207. It has 7 school districts.

EMPIRE, Town, in county of Fond du Lac, being town 15 N., range 18 E.; centrally located, 6 miles southeast from Fond du Lac.

ENGLISH, Lake, a small lake in the northwest corner of town 18 N., of range 23 E.

EOLIA, P.O., in Dane county.

ERIN, Town, in county of Washington, being town 9 N, of range 18 E.; centrally located, 26 miles southwest from Ozaukee. The population in 1850 was 849. It has 5 school districts.

ERVANDIGO, River, a tributary, from the north, of St. Croix river, in La Pointe county.

EUREKA, P. V., in Winnebago county, on section 28, town 18 N., range 14 E., in town of Rushford, 16 miles west from Oshkosh, and 70 miles northeast from Madison. It is beautifully situated on the southern shore of Fox river, surrounded by a rich farming country, and possesses plenty of lime stone, sand, clay and timber, for building purposes. The settlement was first commenced in 1850. Population 70, with 14 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 hotel, 1 mill, and various mechanical shops.

EVANSVILLE, P. V., on Allen's creek, section 27, town 4 N., range 10 E., in Rock county, 18 miles northwest from Janesville, and 23 miles southeast from Madison. It has a population of about 200 temperate and industrious people, with 25 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 hotel, 2 mills, 1 machine, 1 waggon, 1 shoe, and 1 blacksmith's shop; 1 meeting house, and two religious denominations, and a large and commodious school house. The Madison and Beloit railroad is located through this place.

EVERFLOWING, River, a tributary from the north of the St. Croix river, in the western part of La Pointe county.

EXETER, P. V., Green county, on section 33 of town of same name, being town 4 N., of range 8 E., 16 miles northeast from Monroe, and 24 miles southwest from Madison. Population 105, with 22 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 hotels, and 6 religious denominations. The principal occupation of the inhabitants is mining.

EXETER, Town, in the county of Green, being town 4 N., of range 8; centrally located, 15 miles northeast from Monroe. The population in 1850 was 450. It has 6 school districts.

[ F ]

FAIRFIELD, P. O., (Maxson's Mill), in town of Bradford, county of Rock, on section 13, town 2 N., of range 15 E. It is 11 miles southeast from county seat, and 50 miles east of south from Madison. Population 100, 12 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, and Presbyterian and Baptist denominations. It is on Turtle creek, 16 miles from Beloit, and on the county line between Rock and Walworth, 9 miles from the state line. The first settler was Joseph Maxson.

FAIRPLAY, P. V., in Grant county, on section 25, in the town of Jamestown, town 1 N., of range 2 W., in a good mineral and farming district; 30 miles southeast from Lancaster, 12 miles northwest from Galena, 6 miles northeast from Dubuque, and 85 miles southwest from Madison. Population 800, with 110 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 hotels, 1 church and 3 religious denominations. A Roman Catholic college is located at this place.

FAIR PLAY, Diqgings, on section 25, town 1 N., of range 1 W., in Grant county.

FAIRWATER, P. V., Fond du Lac county, on section 31, town 15 N., of range 14 E.; being in the town of Metomon, 22 miles west from Fond du Lac, and 65 miles northeast from Madison. It is situated on the road from Watertown to Ceresco and Berlin, in a fine and healthy section, of good farming land, on the north branch of Grand river. It has two good water powers, one of which is improved by a fine flouring mill; the other is unimproved, with 28 feet head, and sufficient water for three run of stone. Population 40, 5 dwellings, 1 store, and 1 hotel.

FALLEN ROCKS, on the Wisconsin, a few miles below Helena, in Iowa county, where the river has undermined the rocks about 200 feet long.

FALL RIVER, P. V., Columbia county, in the town of Fountain Prairie, on section 26, town 11 N., of range 12; 25 miles east of southeast from Portage City, and the same distance north east from on Madison. It has an excellent water power, with a fal1, of 16 feet. on which is a good saw and flouring mill, being the best hydraulic power in the vicinity. Population 175, with 35 dwellings, 3 stores, 1 hotel, 2 mills, 3 religious denominations, and a good school house.

FALLS OF ST. CROIX, P. V., and C. H., on St. Croix river, in town 34, Polk county.

FALLS OF ST. CROIX, Town, in county of Polk, comprising the same.

FARMER's GROVE, P. O., in town of York, Green county, being town 4 N., of range 6 E.

FARMERSVILLE, P. O., in Dodge county.

FARMINGTON, Town, in county of Washington, being township 12 N., of range 20 E.; centraly located, 15 miles northwest from Ozaukee. Population in 1850 was 501. It has 9 school districts.

FARMINGTON, Town, in county of Jefferson, being town 7 N., of range 15 E.; centrally 1ocated, 8 miles northeast from Jefferson. The population is 900. It has 6 school districts. The surface is rolling, with heavy timber and good springs, and small streams of water. The soil on the high land is mostly a clay loam, in the vallies a black, vegetable and sandy loam, with subsoil of clay. The timber is mostly maple, basswood, oak, elm, walnut, and ash.

FAMMINGTON, P. O., Jefferson county, on section 14 of town of same name, being town 7 N., of range 15 E.; 11 miles north east from Jefferson, 38 miles east from Madison, midway between Milwaukee and Madison, via Aztalan and Concord.

FARWELL'S Addition to MADISON, is on the northeast side of the Catfish, and is laid out into lots of an acre each, conspicuous to the business portion of the village.

FARWELL'S Mill, a small settlement on the Catfish river, near Madison. At this place is the best flouring mill in the State, with 8 run of stone; also a good saw mill, woollen factory, brewery, and several mechanical shops.

FAYETTE, P. V., La Fayette county, on section 8, town 3 N., of range 4 E.; 18 miles northeast from Shullburg, and 50 miles southwest from Madison, in a good mineral region. Population 100, 30 dwellings, 2 st, res, 2 mills, I hotel, and 1 Methodist and 1 F. W. Baptist denomination.

FAYETTE, Town, in Lafayette county.

FENNIMNORE, P. V., in town of same name, town 6 N., of range 2 W., Grant county.

FENNIMORE, Town, in county of Grant, being all south of the Wisconsin river of towns 6 and 7 N., of ranges 2, 3 and 4, and fractional town 8 N., of range 3 W. It is centrally located, 12 miles north from Lancaster. It has 9 school districts.

FENNIMORE FORK, River, a branch from the south of Blue river, Grant county.

FEVRE, River, rises near Belmont, Lafayette county, and running southe,ly, through Galena, into the Mississippi, 7 miles below that place.

FILLMIORE, P. V., in town of Farmington, Washington county, being in 12 N., of range 20 E.

FIRST, Lake, the lowest of the chain of Four lakes, in the towns of Dunn and Pleasant Springs, Dane county, 12 miles south east from Madison. It has an area of five square miles.

FISH, Lake, a small lake in the northeast corner of Deerfield, Dane county.

FISK's, Corners, P. V., Winnebago county, on section 11, town 17 N., of range 15; it is 8 miles from Oshkosh, and 90 miles from Madison. Population 600, 100 dwellings, and 2 hotels.

FITCHBURG, P. V., in town of same name, formerly Greenfield, on section 33, town 6 N., of range 9 E. It is an excellent region of farming land, 10 miles south from Madison, on stage route to Janesville. It has 1 hotel, 2 stores, a school-house, meeting-house, 3 religious denominations, 15 dwellings, and 80 inhabitants.

FITCHBURG, Town, Dane county, town 6, range 9 E., late Greenfield.

FLAMBEAU, Lake, in latitude nearly 46°, the outlet running north to nearly the state line, thence southwest into the Chippewa.

FLEMING, Creek, a small tributary of Black river, from the south east, into which it empties in town 18 N., of range 6 W.

FLORA, Town, in county of Sauk; centrally located, northeast from Baraboo. It has 3 school districts.

FLORENCE, P.O., in town of Portage Prairie, Columbia county, on section 6, town 12 N., of range 12 E., at head of Duck Creek.

FOND DU LAC, City. This place was one of the earliest located towns in Wisconsin, a paper city, laid out and platted several years in advance of the progress of civilization. But the past ten years has wrought a change which few Western towns can rival. The city is located at the head of Lake Winnebago, on section 10, town 15, of range 17 E. The principal business portion is situated about three-quarters of a mile from the lake, on the Fond du Lac river, whose mouth forms a convenient port of entry for the steam boats and other water crafts which run between this place, Oshkosh, Wolf river; and Upper and Lower Fox rivers. The river, at the upper part of the city and a short distance above, furnishes several very fair mill powers for the manufacture of lumber, flour, &c. and on which an oil mill is also being erected. The principal part of the city is built upon a level prairie on the east side of the river. On the west side was formerly a beautiful sugar maple grove, which affords one of the most inviting and pleasant retreats that could well be desired, and in which are erected a large number of private residences, which are destined to be the most desirable in the city. The place is backed up and sustained by one of the richest and most productive farming counties in the State. One of the most inviting features of this place, is the pure water with which it is supplied, from the large nuimber of never-failing fountains, or artesian wells, which brings the water to the surface of the earth, and yields a most bounitiful supply of as pure water as can be found in the State, and to which may be attributed, in a great degree, the extensive healthfulness of the place. The streets are wide, the lots of convenient size, and laid out with much uniformity and taste — with several public squares, which, when properly improved, will add much to the beauty of the place. About 3 miles of double plank road has been constructed within the limits of of the city. A large amount of money has also been expended in building side-walks throughout the entire city, which are mostly of plank, and of very convenient width. The present population of the city is estimated at about 4,000, and is rapidly increasing by the influx of business men,and capitalists from the East. It was first incorporated as a village in 1847, and a city charter granted in the winter of 1852. There are in the city 9 hotels, 2 exchange or banking houses, 12 dry goods, l0 grocery and provision, 4 clothing, 4 wine and liquor, 8 boot and shoe, 2 hat and cap, 4 harness and leather, 3 stove and tin ware, and 1 iron and hardware stores; 2 jeweller, 5 cabinet, 5 blacksmith, 3 paint, 2 gun, 3 waggon, and 3 milliner shops; 4 warehouses, 4 lumber yards, 5 saloons, 3 livery stables, 6 bakeries, 1 foundry, 3 sash and blind factories, 4 meat markets; 1 cigar,, 1 car, and 1 cradle manufactory; 1 book bindery, 2 planing mills, 3 nursery establishments, 1 auction store, 2 dacuerrean galleries, 3 printing offices, 16 law offices, 9 physicians and surgeons, 3 barber's shops. In addition to these, there are a large number of small establishments, where various kinds of business are carried on with great success. There are 7 religious denominations.

FOND DU LAC, County, is bounded on the north by Winnebago and Calumet, on the east by Calumet and Sheboygan, on the south by Washington and Dodge, and on thle west by Marquette and portions of Dodge and Winnebago. Its name is derived from its locality, being at the "end of the lake." It was established December 7, 1836, and set off from Brown, to which it remained attached until Marchl 11, 1839, when it was organized for county purposes. The seat of justice is at the city of Fond du Lac, at the head of Lake Winnebago. This county is generally well watered with springs, brooks, and small streams of pure water. The largest streams in the western part of the county are the two branches of the Rock river; one flowing eastwardly through the towns of Alto and Waupun, and the other rising in Metomon, and flowing southwardly through Springvale and the eastern part of Waupun. There are also the two branches of Fond du Lac river (the east and west); the one rising in the town of Rosendale, and passing through a portion of Eldorado and Lamartine, and the other (the east) rising from small streams and springs in the towns of Lamartine, Oakfield, and Byron, and passing through the town of Fond du Lac, unites with its west branch within the city, about a mile from lake Winnebago. There is also another beautiful stream, known as the Chrystal Creek, (or the Green lake inlet), passing westwardly through the town of Ceresco into Marquette county, affording, at the villages of Ripon and Ceresco, some of the best water power in the county; and also Grand river, which rises and runs southwesterly through Metomon, affording excellent water power at the village of Fairwater. In the eastern and southern portions of the county are several small lakes and numerous streams, also affording good water power. The most northerly branch of the Milwaukee river rises in a small lake in the town of Eden, within about eight miles of Winnebago lake, and flows southerly through the town of Auburn, where there are numerous water powers. Another fine stream rises in Dodge county, and flows eastwardly through the town of Ashford, and unites with the last mentioned stream near the south line of Auburn. The east branch of the Milwaukee river rises by separate branches in the towns of Empire and Forest, and flows through the town of Osceola, passing through Long Lake, and affording excellent water power at its outlet. It is worthy of remark that the lake in Eden, which gives origin to the Milwaukee river, is also the source of a small stream running northwardly into lake Winnebago, and is within a mile or so of the source of the Sheboygan river, which runs north and eastwardly through the towns of Forest and Kossuth; affording, also, more or less water power to those towns. In the northeast part of the county, in the town of Taycheedah, and within 3 miles of lake Winnebago, arises the southerly branch of Manitowoc river, which runs northeasterly through the town of Calumet into the county of that name. In addition to these, there are numerouts small streams and branches of the above mentioned rivers, watering almost every portion of the county. Water powers are already improved in the city and town of Fond du Lac, in Ceresco, the village of Ripon, Metomon, Eldorado, Oakfield, Alto, Waupun, Ashford, Auburn, Osceola, Empire, and Forest. The soil of the county is somewhat diversified. The eastern and southeastern portions being mostly heavy timbered land, having a dark, rich soil in the bottoms, and fine gravelly ridges upon the swells. In the western portion, which is composed of small prairies and openings, and indeed in the whole open portion of the country, which comprises more than two-thirds of the whole area, the soil is an argillaceous loam, moderately mixed with sand and lime, resting on a thin layer of limestone much broken, and occasionally interspersed with knobs of drift gravel. Underlaying a considerable portion of the whole is a red sandstone, which occasionally outcrops in ravines. On many of the highest points of the prairies and openings, in the towns of Ceresco, Metomon, Waupun, Lamartine, Oakfield, Byron, Empire, Taychleedah, and Calumet, the limestone comes to the surface, affording thle best of material for building and fencing; and in many places furnishiing the most beautiful flaggirng stones of any thickness, from one inch to ten, of a texture nearly as fine and compact as marble. The face of the country is gently rolling,, and from the quality of the soil, the county is well adapted to all the more northern product; one of agrieulture. The peculiar geographical position of this country, embracing nearly the southern half of Winnebago lake, which is connected with the great lakes by Fox river and Green Bay, and being, within some thirty-five miles of lake Michligan, at Sheboygan, as well as thle character of its soil, renders it one of the most important inland counties. Fond du Lae county forms a part of the fourth judicial circuit, and of the the third congressional district. It constitutes the twentieth senatorial district, and is divided into four assembly districts, as follows: 1st. Ceresco, Metomon, Alto, Waupun, Springvale, and Rosendale. 2d. Byron, Eden, Osceola, Ashford, and Auburn. 3d. Eldorado, Lamartine, Oakfield, Friendship, Fond du Lac, and the city of Fond du Lac. 4th. Calumet, Forest, Taycheedah, Kossuth, and Empire. The population in 1840 was 139; 1842, 295; 1846, 3.514; 1847, 7,459. Dwellings, 2,722; farms, 1,073; manufactories, 16. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, C. l. Tompkins; Sheriff, Robert Jenkinsorn; Clerk of Court, John J. Driggs; Register of Deeds, Randolph Ebert; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, A. W. Paine; County Treasurer, O. S. Wright.

FOND DU LAC, Town, in county of same name, being town 15 N., of range 17 E. It is the seat of justice of the county. Population in 1850 was 2,016. It has 6 school districts.

FOND DU LAC, City, see Appendix.

FOND DU LAC, River, rises in Oakfield, Fond du Lac county, and runs northeast, emptying, into lake Winnebago, at Fond du Lac city.

FORT ATKINSON, P. V., on section 3, town 5 N., of range 14 E., Jefferson county, being in the town of Koskonong, at the junction of Bark with Rock river. It is 6 miles south of Jefferson, and 32 miles southeast from Madison. It derives its name from General Atkinson, who built a temporary fort at this place duing the Black Hawk war —-hence its name. Population 350, with 70 dwellings, 8 stores, 3 hotels, 1 steam saw mill, 3 tailors, 2 shoe, 3 blacksmiths, 2 cooper, and 1 cabinet shops. 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church.

FORT CRAWFORD, formerly a military station near Prairie du Chien, in Crawford county, about 540 miles above St. Louis.

FORT HOWARD, formerly a military station at mouth of Fox river, see Fort Howard village.

FORT HOWARD, Village, is situated on the west side of the Fox river, near its mouth, opposite to the old town of Green Bay. The site of the village of Fort Howard was purchased and surveyed into village lots by Joel S. Fisk and the Hon. Urial H. Peak, in the spring of 1850, since which there has been a rapid growth and settlement of the place, and it bids fair to become one of considerable commercial importance. It derived its name from being situated immediately in the vicinity of Old Fort Howard, a military post of considerable notoriety. The village contains some four or five hundred inhabitants; it has several stores, three public houses, a large foundry and machine shop which gives employment to some thirty or forty workmen; there is also in the course of erection two steam saw mills, together with shops for various mechanical purposes. The soil on which the village is located is alluvial, on a clay subsoil, and is well adapted to gardening and the growth of fruit trees and shrubs; it possesses a back country of very considerable extent, which is rapidly filling up with an intelligent, industrious and go-a-head population; and although the pioneer settler is under the necessity of undergoing the fatigue and labor incident to the settlement and clearing up of a heavy timbered country, yet when it is brought under a state of proper cultivation it will not be surpassed by any section of the state in fertility of soil, and all the other appendages which make a country desirable for farming purposes.

FORT WINNEBAGO, P. O., at the old military station of same name, at the Portage of Fox and Wisconsin rivers, near Portage city.

FORT WINNEBAGO, Town, in county of Columbia, being town 13 N., of range 9 E. Population in 1850 was 1,642. It has 11 school districts.

FORREST, Town, in county of Fond du Lac, being town 15 N., of range 19 E.; centrally located, 12 miles east from Fond du Lac. The population in 1850, as then organized, was 1,218. It has 8 school districts.

FOUNTAIN, Prairie, is the name of a large prairie south and west of Columbus, in Columbia county.

FOUNTAIN PRAIRIE, Town, in county of Columbia, being 11 N., of range 12 E.; centrally located, 23 miles from Portage city. The population in 1850 was 546. It has 5 school districts. This is an excellent farming town, and has a good water power at Fall river, with a mill capable of making 500 barrels of flour per week.

FOURTH, Lake, adjoining and north and northwest of Madison, is the uppermost and largest of the Pour Lakes. It has an area of nearly 16 square miles. Its diameter is 6 miles, and its periphery 194. It is also called Mendota.

FOWL, River, (Sand Creek), a tributary from the north of St. Croix river, in the west part of La Pointe county.

FOX, Lake, (Waushara), in town of same name, in northwest corner of Dodge county, is three miles long and two wide. It is of an oval form, and discharges its waters into the Crawfish river, through Beaver Dam creek.

FOX LAKE, P. V., see Waushara.

FOX LAKE, Town, (formerly Waushara), in county of Dodge, being north half of town 12, and town 13 N., range of 13 E.; centrally located, 14 miles northwest from Juneau. The population in 1850 was 856. It has 6 school districts.

FOX, River, of Illinois, (Pishtaka), rises in the north part of Waukesha county, and running south through the counties of Waukesha, Racine, and Kenosha, into the State of Illinois, discharges its waters into the Illinois river at Ottawa, Lasalle county.

FOX, River, of Green Bay, (Neenah), rises near the middle of the town of Randolph, being in the northeast corner township of Columbia county, runs southwesterly to the Portage, where its course is turned to the northeast, passing through extensive marshes, covered with wild rice. It enters on the west side of Lake Winnebago, at Oshkosh, and forms the outlet of the same lake, which it leaves on either side of Doty's island, Menasha on the north, and Neenah on the south. Below the lake it has a succession of rapids as far down as Depere, 7 miles above its outlet, into Green Bay.

FRANKLIN, Town, in county of Milwaukee, being town 5 N., of range 21 E.; centrally located, 12 miles southwest from Milwaukee. The population in 1850 was 1,246. It has nine school districts.

FRANKLIN, P. T., Milwaukee county, in town of same name, on section 7, town 5 N., of range 21 E., 12 miles southwest to Milwaukee, and 80 miles east from Madison. It is beautiully located, 2 miles south of the Milwaukee and Janesville plank road, and three miles northeast from Muskego lake. Population 60; with 17 dwellings, 2 stores, and 2 hotels.

FRANCIS CREEK, P. 0., in Manitowoc county.

FREDONIA, Town, in county of Washington, being town 12 N., of range 21 E.; centrally located, 9 miles northwest from Ozaukee. The population in 1850 was 672. It has 9 school districts.

FREDONIA, P. 0., in county of Washington, being town 12 N., of range 21 E.; centrally located, 9 miles northwest from Ozaukee.

FREEDOM, P. O., in Sauk county.

FREEDOM, Town, in county of Outgamie, being all of said county, not included in the Oneida Reservation, in towns 22 and 23 N., of range 18 and 19 E; centrally located, 15 miles north east from Grand Clhute. It has two school districts.

FREEDOM, Town, in county of Sauk, located west from Baraboo. It has 5 school districts.

FREMONT, P. V., in Waupacca county, being on section 25, town 21 N., of range 13 E.; it is 11 miles southwest from Mukwa. Population 50; 12 dwellings, 2 sto,es, and 1 hotel. It is situated on the left bank of the Wolf river; is a steam boat landing, and the only feasible crossing on the river in the route from Menasha to Plover Portage.

FRENCH, Creek, in Columbia county, a small tributary of the Fox or Neenah river, from the east, in Port Hope.

FRENCH, Creek, a branch from the east of Little Platte river, in the towns of Paris and Smeltzer.

FRIENDSHIP, Town, in county of Fond du Lac, being town 16 N., of range 17 E. The population is 415. It has 5 school districts.

FRIENDSHIP, P.O., in county of Fond du Lac, being town 16 N., of range 17 E; centrally located, 6 miles north from Fond du Lac city.

FELTON, P. V., in town of same name, Rock county, on section 7, town 4 N., of range 12 E.

FULTON, Town, in county of Rock, being town 4 N., of range 12 E.; centrally located, 10 miles north from Janesville. The population in 1850 was 1828. It has 7 school districts.