Wisconsin Gazetteer 1853:
Names, Location, And Advantages Of The Cities, Towns,
Villages, Post-Offices And Settlements, Together With 
A Description Of The Lakes, Water Courses, Prairies, 
And Public Localities In The State Of Wisconsin-For 1853.
Alphabetically Arranged.

ABBEVIATIONS.-
C. H., Court House, or County Seat; 
L., Lake; 
Pr., Prairie; 
P. O., Post Office; 
P. V., Post Village; 
R., River; 
T, Town; 
V., Village.

[ A ] [ B ] [ C ] [ D ] [ E ] [ F ] [ G ]
[ H ] [ I ] [ J ] [ K ] [ L ] [ M ] [ N ]
[ O ] [ P ][ Q ] [ R ] [ S ] [ T ]
[ U ] [ V ] [ W ] [ Y ]

GARLICK, Island, in Lake Winnebago, near its west shore.

GAUCHE, River, enters Fond du Lac Bay, (Lake Superior,) near St. Louis river, in La Pointe county.

GENESEE, Totvn, in county of Waukesha, being town 6 N., of range 18 E.; centrally located, 8 miles from Waukesha, the county seat. The polpulatiun in 1850 was 1,290. It has 9 school districts.

GENESEE, P. V., Waukesha county, in town of same name, being town 6 iN., of range 18 E., 8 miles west southwest from Waukesha, anrd 66 miles east from Madison. It is one mile south of the depot on the Mt. & Al. R. R. It has 160 inhabitants, 30 dwellings, 1 store, 1 hotel, 1 new congregational church, 1 flouring mill, 1 saw mill, 1 woollen factory. It is beautifully situated on White creek, which falls 76 feet in one mile, and is used for three separate powers of 20, 22 and 22 feet each.

GENESEE, Farm residence of the Hon. E. W. Edgerton, in town of Summit, Waukesha.

GENESEE, Lake, forms the head waters of Battle creek, and is located one mile south of the centre of the town of Summit, Waukesha county.

GENEVA, Town, in county of Walworth, being town 2 N., of range 17 E.; centrally located, 5 miles southeast from Elkhorn. The population in 1850 was 1533. It has 8 school districts.

GENEVA, P. V., in town of same name, in Walworth county, being on section 36, at the northeast extremity of Lake Geneva.

GENEVA BAY, P. O., in town of Geneva, Walworth county.

GENEVA, Creek, has its source in Geneva Lake, Walworth county, and running northeasterly enters Peckatonnica at Burlington, Racine county.

GENEVA, Lake, is in the southern part of Walworth county, 8 miles long, with a mean breadth of 1 mile. It is supplied mostly from springs, and discharges its waters into the Pishtaka river, through Geneva creek.

GENOA, P. V., in town of Geneva, Walworth county, being town 2 N., of range 17 E.

GENTHER'S, Creek, a branch from the north of Chippewa river, Chippewa county.

GEORGETOWN, P. O., in Lafayette county.

GERMANTOWN, Town, in county of Washington, being town 9 N.; of range 20 E.; centrally located, 18 miles south west from Ozaukee, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 1,722. It has 10 school districts.

GIBBSVILLE, P. O., in Sheboygan county, on section 26, town 14 N., of range 22 E.; 9 miles southwest from Sheboygan, and 100 miles northeast from Madison. It is on the road from Milwaukee, 50 miles; to Green Bay, 65 miles. It was first settled by three brothers, whose name it bears, in 1836.

GIBRALTER, Creek, a small stream entering Green Bay, in the northeast corner of Brown county.

GIBSON, Creek, is a small tributary from the north of Baraboo river, which it enters three miles above Baraboo village.

GILBERT'S MILLS, on Red Cedar river, in Chippewa county, town, 28 N., of range 13 W.

GOLDEN, Lake, is on the line between Jefferson and Waukesha counties, 3 miles in circumference, and discharges its waters through Duck creek into Bark river.

GOOD HOPE, P. V., in county of Milwaukee, on section 8, town 8 N., of range 22 E.

GRAFTON, P. V., in town of same name, county of Washington.

GRAFTON, Town, in county of Washington, being town 10 N., of range 22 E., and east tier of sections of town 10 N., range 21 E.; centrally located, 6 miles southwest from Ozaukee. The population in 1850 was 626. It has 6 school districts.

GRAND ROCHE-A-GRIS, Creek, empties into the Wisconsin in range 5 N., Crawford county.

GRAND CHUTE, Town, in county of Outagamie, being town 21 N., of range 17 E.; centrally located, 3 miles northwest from Grand Chute, the county seat. It has 6 school districts.

GRAND CHUTE, Rapids, of the Neenah river, 7 miles below Winnebago Rapids, with a fall of 30 in 8525 feet.

GRAND KAKALIN, Rapids, of Neenah river, with a fall of 44 feet in a distance less than 9,000 feet. These rapids are 9 miles below Grand Chute.

GRAND MARSH, P. O., in Columbia county.

GRAND PRAIRIE, P. O., in town of Middleton, Marquette county, being on section 35, in town 15 N., of range 12 E.

GRAND, Rapids, are shoals of the Menominee river, about 2 miles. in length, below White Rapids.

GRAND, Rapids, town in county of Portage.

GRAND FATHER BULL, Falls, are the largest rapids on the Wisconsin river. The river at this place is divided into three chutes by two chains of rocks rising fifteen feet above the water.

GRAND RAPIDS, P. V., in county of Portage, being on section 17, town 22 N., of range 6, in town of same name. It is 16 miles southwest from Plover, county seat, and 115 miles northwest from Madison. Population 400; 30 dwellings, 3 stores, 3: hotels, 4 saw mills, 1 Catholic church. It possesses the best water power in the State, abounding with springs of pure soft water. Lumber and shingles have been the chief products, although some attention has been paid to farming. There is plenty of government land in the vicinity, and timber enough to last for years. Iron ore is found. Most of the buildings have been erected within two years.

GRAND, River,, rises in the western portion of Fond du Lac county, and running near the line between towns 14 and 15 N., enters the Neenah about a mile above the head of Apuckaway lake.

GRAND SPRINGS, name given to large springs in Montrose, Dane county, emptying into Sugar river.

GRAND SPRINGS, P. V., in Dane county, on section 25, town 5 N., of range 8 E.; 16 mile, southwest from Madison. Its general location and advantages are good, being on the outlet of large springs emptying into Sugar river, and in a good farming region. It has 109 inhabitants, 25 dwellings, 1 store, 1 hotel, 1 mill, 1 manufactory, and 1 religious denomination.

GRANT, County, is bounded on the northwest and north by the Wisconsin river, which separates it from Crawford and Richland, on the east by Iowa and Lafayette, on the south by the northern line of the State of Illinois, and on the southwest by the State of Iowa, from which it is separated by the Mississippi river. It was set from Iowa, and fully organized by an act approved Dec. 7, 1836. The eastern boundary extends north, on the 4th principle meridian, about 50 miles. The southern boundary or Illinois line is only about 10 miles, and its river coast is about 100 miles in length. The seat of justice is at Lancaster, near the centre of the county. Its principal streams are Grant, Big and Little Platte, Greene and Blue rivers. The surface of the country consists of a series of ridges, high rolling prairie and timbered lands. The ridges are filled with fissures, which are abundantly supplied with ores of zinc, lead, and occasionally copper. It is one of the best mineral counties in the State, and there is no other in which the soil is better adapted to the raising of wheat and corn. The county is well supplied with timber, and has many fine streams abounding in springs of water. It is said that there is neither lake, swamp, nor stagnant pool of water in the county. It is afttached to the fifth judicial circuit, and to the second congressional district, and constitutes the 16th senate district, and sends five members to the assembly, as follows: 1. Towns of Hazel Green, Jamestown and Smeltzer. 2. Towns of Paris, Ptosi and Harrington 3. Towns of Platteville, Lima, Clifton, Muscoda and Wingville. 4. Towns of Fennimore, Ellenboro', Liberty and Lancaster. 5. Towns of Waterloo, Beetown, Patchgrove and Cassville. The population in 1838 was 2,763; 1840, 3,926; 1842, 5,937; 1846, 12,034; 1847, 14,016; 1850, 16,169; 2861 dwellings, 7O7 farms, 78 manufactories. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: Judge, Cyrus K. Lord; Clerk of Court, A. W. Kendall; District Attorney, J. Allen Barber; Register, George H. Cox; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, Wood A. Beach.

GRANT, Diggings, a mining settlement, on section 15, town 4 N., of range 4 W., in county of Grant.

GRANT, River, waters the central portion of Grant county, and enters the Mississippi in the southwest corner of the town Potosi.

GRANVILLE, P. O., in town of same name, Milwaukee county.

GRANVILLE, Town, in county of Milwaukee, being town 8 N., range 21 E.; centrally located, 12 miles northwest from Milwaukee. The population in 1850 was 1,739. It has 9 school districts.

GRASS, Lake, in Columbia county, a small lake in town 12 N., range 8 E.; between Baraboo and Wisconsin rivers, 5 miles west from Portage.

GRATIOT, Town, in county of Lafayette. Over 7,000 acres of land were sold in this town during the year 1852. No discoveries of mineral have been made in this town, except float. The inhabitants are mostly farmers.

GRATIOT, P. V., in Lafayette county, in town of the same name, on section 9, town 1 N., of range 4 E.; 12 miles east from Shullsburg, 28 from Galena, 28 from Mineral Point, and 65 southwest from Madison. Population 50; 10 dwellings, 1 store, 1 hotel, and 1 schoolhouse.

GREAT BUTTE DES MORTS, lake, is an expansion of the Neenah river, just below the mouth of the Wolf, and 5 miles west of Oshkosh. It is four miles long and two wide.

GREEN, Bay, is an arm of Lake Michigan, from its northwest extremity, extending southwest 120 miles, having a coast of 320 miles in length, and being fromnt 6 to 30 miles wide. Its mean length is 100 miles, breadth 20 miles, and depth 50 feet, with an area of 2,000 square miles, at an elevation of 518 feet above the Atlantic Ocean. Green Bay was so called from the fact that voyagers, upon leaving Mackinaw in the early spring before the trees put forth their buds, found the borders of this Bay covered with the finest verdure and vegetation. It was called the Bay of Puans, by the early French, and has also been called Menominee Bay.

GREEN BAY, P. V. The village of Green Bay is an incorporated borough, comprising the town plats of both Navarino and Astor, the former being designated in the act of incorporation as the north, and the latter as the south wards. The town stands in the junction of the Fox and East rivers, on the east bank of the former, and about one mile above the mouth or entrance into Green Bay. The site of the town, although partly low and flat, is handsome and pleasant; the soil is alluvial, with large proportion of sand, which forms dry streets and walks, and proves most excellent for garden and cultivation. The present population of Green Bay proper is about 2,000, and is constantly increasing. The town is laid out with streets and alleys running at right angles. The corporation embraces a tract about one and a half miles in length on Fox river, and about one mile in width from east to west. The buildings are of wood, mostly frame, and many of them very neat and commodious as dwellings, stores, warehouses, offices, &c. The streets are generally of good width, and the lots larger than usually laid out in villages. Directly opposite, on the west shore of Fox river, stands Old Fort Howard, and the new and flourishing town of that name, lately laid out, and now containing a large number of houses, stores and inhabitants. The scenery around Green Bay and on the Fox river, is beautiful; the climate unsurpassed by many in the West for salubrity and healthfulness. It is even, and not subject to sudden change, as in many parts of the United States; and all kinds of fruits and vegetables capable of culture in the eastern, or northern or western States, are easily raised here, and most of them in great perfection and abundance. The bay and river abound with a vast variety of the finny tribe, of delicious and palatable flavor, and wild duck and other game are abundant. The winter season may be said to commence about the first of December, and continues with but slight change or variation, until about the middle or latter part of March. The Fox river is navigable, for six miles from its mouth, to Depere, for the largest class of steamers and vessels navigating the lakes. Its medium width between the two points mentioned is about 1,400 feet. The harbor at Green Bay is one of the most spacious and secure on the whole chain of lakes, and, as a natural one, it is next to Detroit. The geographical position of this place, situated as it is at the head of steamboat navigation on the lakes and upon the Fox river, connecting with the Wisconsin and Mississiplpi by canal, must necessarily be a commanding one and it only requires the completion of the public work for the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin river, to insure its permanent prosperity and future importance as a commercial and manufacturing depot. The principal articles of export from Green Bay and the surrounding country at the present time, are fish, lumber, shingles, and furs and peltries. An estimate of the amount of each of these articles is made below. The water power on the Fox river is equal to, if it does not surpass, any other in the West. It is a natural one, of great magnitude; but when the improvement, or public works, are completed, it will be unlimited in power and extent.

GREEN BAY, Pinery, under this name is given the amount of lumber manufactured at the several mills on Green Bay and its tributaries, which is shown by the following estimate Depere, 2,500,000; Green Bay, 2,500,000; Duck Creek, 1,500, 000; Hill Creek, 500,000; Little Suamico, 500,000; Pensaukee, 2,000,000; Oconto, 4,500,000; Oconto Falls, 6,000,000; Pishtego (sic), 3,000,000; Menominee, 5,000,000; making a total of 28,000,000. This statement is exclusive of shingles, &c. There was computed to be in store, at Green Bay alone, on the 15th of March, 1853, 14,000,000 feet of lumber logs and timber.

GREEN BAY, Town, in Brown county.

GREEN BUSH, P. V., in county of Sheboygan, being on section 11, in town of same name 15 N., of range 20 E.

GREEN BUSH, Town, in county of Sheboygan, being towns 15 and 16, of range 20 E.; centrally located, northwest from Sheboygan. It has S school districts.

GREEN, County, is bounded on the north by Dane, on the east by Rock, on the south by the State line, and on the west by Iowa and Lafayette, and is 4 townships, or 24 miles square. It was set off from Iowa, Dec. 7, 1836, to which it remained attached until Jan. 15, 1838, when it was fully organized. The seat of justice is at Monroe, about 7 miles south from the centre of the county. The soil in the northern part is generally a sandy loam, and in the south mostly prairie, with a subsoil of clay, and is very productive, being adapted to all the purposes of tillage and grazing. It is well watered by the Peckatonnica and Sugar rivers and their branches, and is well apportioned between meadow, prairie and timbered lands. This county comprises the twenty-fourth senate dis trict, and sends one member to the assembly. It is connected with the first judicial circuit and to the second congressional district. The mineral region extends east nearly through this county, and several valuable lodes are being worked. The population in 1840 was 933; 1842, 1,594; 1846, 4,758; 1847, 6,487; 1850, 8,583. Dwellings, 1,487; farms, 805; manufactories, 46. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, John A. Brigham; Sheriff, John Moore; Clerk of Court, Noah Phelps; District Attorney, E. T. Gardiner; Register of Deeds, James L. Powell; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, Horace B. Poyer; County Treasurer, Francis Emmerson.

GREENFIELD, P. V., in town of same name, Milwaukee county, town 6 N., of range 21 E.

GREENFIELD, Town, in county of Milwaukee, being town 6 N., of range 21 E.; centrally located, 7 miles southwest from Milwaukee. The population in 1850 was 1,894. It has 15 school districts. GREENFIELD, Town, in county of Dane, Name changed to Fitchburg, being, town 6 N., of range 9 E.; centrally located, 10 miles southwest from Madison. The population in 1850 was was 598. It has 8 school districts.

GREEN, Island,, near the middle of Green Bay, opposite the mouth of Menominee river.

GREEN LAKE, P. O., in town of same name, Marquette county, being on section 4, in town 15 N., of range 13 E., 18 miles east from Alontello.

GREEN LAKE, Town, in county of Marquette. It has 8 school districts.

GREEN, Lake, Mlarquette county, is east of Lake Apuckawa. It is eight miles long and two broad, and discharges its waters into the Fox River. It is very deep, and its waters remarkably pure and clear.

GREEN, River, rises in town 6, of range 3 W., and runs northeast, emptying into the Wisconsin.

GREENVILLE, P. V., in town of same name, Outagamie county.

GREENVILLE, Town, in county of Outagamie. It has 2 school districts.

GREEN WOOD, P. O., in Marquette county.

GRIGNON'S Mills, on the Wisconsin river, in the west part of town 22, of range 6 E., in Portage county.

GROVE, P. O., in town of Lafayette, Walworth county.

GROVELAND, P. V., in Winnebago county, on section 1, town 19 N., of range 16 E. It is 10 miles northwest from Oshkosh, on the town line road, and 5 miles from Neenah, with roads leading from Hortonville, Ball Prairie, Winneconna, and Appleton. It has 5 dwellings, and 1 hotel.

HALFWAY, Creek, a small stream in La Crosse county, entering the old channel of Black river, about half way between Black river and the present outlet.

HALFWAY, Creek, a small branch of Black Earth creek, from the northeast rising in Berry, Dane county.

HALL's Creek, empties into the Kickapoo from the west, in town 9, Crawford county.

HAMPDEN, P. O., in town of same name, in Columbia county.

HAMPDEN, Town, in county of Columbia, being town 10 N., of range 11; centrally located, 20 miles southeast from Portage. The population in 1850 was 489. It has 4 school districts.

HANCHETVILLE, P. V., in town of Medina, Dane county, town 8 N., of range 12 E.

HARDEN, Town, (formerly Albany,) in county of Marquette. It has 6 school districts.

HARDSCRABBLE, Diggins, a mininig settlement on the line between Grant and Lafayette counties.

HARMONY, Town,, in county of Rock, being town 3 N., of range 13 E.; centrally located, 5 miles southeast from Janesville. The population in 1850 was 840. It has 5 school districts.

HARRISON, Town, in county of Grant, being town 3 N., of range 2 W.; centrally located, 10 miles southeast from Lancaster. It has 8 school districts.

HARRISVILLE, P. O., Marquette county, on section 14, town 16 N., of range 9 E., 20 miles west from Dartford, on the Montello river, and 50 miles north from Madison. It has a good mill power and is well located for a village, in a good farming country of land.

HARTFORD, P. V., in Washington county.

HARTFORD, Town, in county of Washington, being town 10 N., of range 18 E.; centrally located, 24 miles southwest from Ozaukee. The population in 1850 was 1,078. It has 9 school districts.

HARTLAND, P. V., Waukesha county, on section 3, town 7 N., of range 18 E., being in the town of Delafield, 10 miles north west from Waukesha, and 60 miles east from Madison. Population 175, with 30 dwellings, 3 stores, 3 hotels, 1 fiouring mill, a large and commodious school house. This place is situated on the Milwaukee, Watertown and Madison plank road, at the crossing of Bark river.

HAT, Island, about 41 miles southeast from Chamber's Island, in Green Bay, near the eastern shore, in town 30 N., of range 26 E.

HAY, River, a large tributary of Chippewa river from the northwest, empties in town 20 N., of range 12.

HAY, Creek, is a small tributary from the north of the Baraboo, which it enters at Reedsburgh, Sauk county.

HAZLE GREEN, Town, in county of Grant, being town 1 N., of range 1 W.; centrally located, 18 miles southeast from Lancaster. It has 5 school districts.

HAZLE GREEN, P. V., Grant county, on sections 24 and 25, town 1 N., of range 1 W., 32 miles east of south from Lancaster, and 80 miles southwest from Madison, on the mail route to Galena, from which place it is 10 miles north It has 750 inhabitants, 100 dwellings, 7 stores, 3 hotels, 1 mill, 5 black smith, 3 waggon, 2 cooper, 3 tailor, 2 shoemaker, and 2 butcher shops; 2 drug stores and 2 physicians; 3 carpenters, and 1 cabinet maker; 1 Presbyterian, 1 Catholic, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church.

HEART, Lake, is at the head of a small stream entering the east end of Lake Apuckawa, in town of Middleton, Marquette county.

HEART PRAIRIE, P. V., in town of Lagrange, Walworth county, being on section 27, in town 4 N., of range 16 E.

HEBRON, Town, in county of Jefferson, being town 6 N., of range 15 E.; centrally located, 6 miles east from Jefferson. The population in 1850 was 640. It has 6 school districts.

HELENA, P. V., see Helena Village.

HELENA, Villcge, in town of Arena, Iowa county, town 8 N., of range 4 E.

HELLENVILLE, P. O., on section 23, in town of Hebron, town 6 N., of range 15 E., Jefferson county. It is 6 miles east from Jefferson C. H., and 41 miles southeast from Madison. It has 1 store, 1 hotel, 1 Lutheran church, and 2 saw mills.

HERMAN, Town, in county of Sheboygan, being town 16 N., of range 22 E.; centrally located, northwest from Sheboygan. It has 5 school districts.

HERMAN, Town, in county of Dodge, being town 11 N., range 17 E.; centrally located, 12 miles northeast from Juneau. It has 5 school districts.

HERMON P. O., in town of same name, Dodge county.

HERRON, River, enters Lake Superior, at Bark Pointe.

HIGHLAND, Town, in county of Iowa, being parts of townships 6 and 7 N., of ranges 1 and 2 E.; centrally located, 15 miles northwest from Mineral Point. It has 7 school districts.

HIGHLAND (recently) Town, in county of Grant, being townships 4 and 5 N., of ranges 2 W.; divided by Board of Supervisors in 1852, by the erection of the towns of Liberty and Ellenboro'.

HIGHLAND, P. V., in town of same name, in Iowa county, containing 400 inhabitants, 6 stores, 2 smelting furnaces, 3 hotels, and 1 church. Blue river runs through the southern part of the town.

HINGHAM, P. V., in county of Sheboygan, being on section 26, in town of Lima, 14 T., of range 22 E.

HOADLEY, P. O., in the county of Racine.

HOLLAND, Town, in county of Sheboygan, being town 13 N., of range 22 E.; centrally located, 15 miles southwest from Sheboygan. It has 7 school districts.

HOLMES' Landing, near the mouth of Eagle creek, in La Crosse county.

HONEY CRiEEK, P. V., in town of Spring Prairie, Walworth county, being in town 3 N., of range 18 E.

HONEY CREEK, Town, in county of Sauk, being parts of towns 9 and 10 N., of ranges 3, 4 and 5; centrally located, southwest from Baraboo.

HONEY, Creek, rises near Monroe, Green county, and runs southwest into the Pecklatonnica, Green county.

HONEY, Creek, has its source in several small lakes in the town of Lagrange, Walworth county, and running southeast, unites with Sugar Creek at Vienna, in the town of Sugar Prairie.

HONEY, Creek, rises in town 10 N., in the western part of Sauk county, and running eastwardly unites with Otter creek, and enters the Wisconsin about 6 miles below Prairie du Sac.

HOOSICK, P. O., Green county, in southeast corner of the town of Albany, town 3 N., range 9 E., on section 36. It is 14 miles northeast from Madison, and 30 miles south from Madison.

HOOZIER GRovE, P. O., in Green county.

HOPE, Lake, is a small lake about half a mile in diameter, on the town line between Lake Mills and Oakland. Its waters are discharged with those of Ripley lake, into lake Koskonong.

HORICON, lake, is a lake in Dodge and Fond du Lac counties, in ranges 15 and 16 E., formed by a dam across Rock river, at Horicon, at the lower point of Winnebago marsh. It is 16 miles long, and about 6 miles wide.

HORICON, P. O., in town of Hubbard, Dodge county, on section 6, town 11 N., of range 16 E., at outlet of lake of same name, on Rock river, possessing good water power.

HORSE-SHOE, Island, in Eagle harbor, Green Bay.

HORTONIA, Town, in county of Outagamie, being 22 N., of ranges 15 and 16 E., 16 miles northwest from Grand Chute. It has 3 school districts.

HORTONVILLE, P. O., in town of Hortonia, on Wolf river, in Outagamie county.

HOWARD'S GROVE, P. V., in county of Sheboygan, being on section 24, in town of Hermann, 16 N., of range 22 E.

HOWARD, P. O., in town of Pewaukie (sic), Waukesha, 6 miles northwest from Waukesha, on the mail route to Delafield from Milwaukee.

HOWARD Town, in Brown county.

HUBBARD, Toun, in county of Dodge, being town 11 N., of range 16 E.; centrally located, 6 miles east from Juneau. It has 7 school districts.

HULBBLETON, P. V., in town of Milford, Jefferson county, on the Crawfish river, at the crossing of the M. W. & WI. plank road.

HUDSON, Town, in county of Walworth, being town 2 N., of range 18 E.; centrally located, east fromn Elkhorn. The population in 1850 was 1,273. It has 7 school districts.

HUDSON, P. V. & C. H., (formerly Willow River,) in county of St. Croix, on section 24 and 25, town 29 N., of range 20 W., of the fourth principal meridian. It is 200 miles northwest from Madison. Population 500; 94 dwellings, 6 stores, 4 hotels, 2 churches, 4 denominations; 2 shoe, 1 harness, 3 blacksmith, 11 carpenter, 2 cabinet maker, 2 turner, and 2 tailor shops. It is beautifully located on an eminence gradually rising from the eastern bank of Lake St. Croix, surrounded by a farming country second to none in the North west, and is eligibly situated to command the lumbering interests of the St. Croix. In the winter season it is the only thoroughfare and mail route between Galena and Minnesota. It is rapidly increasing in population and wealth. It has in its vicinity 4 saw mills and 2 grist mills. The U. S. Land Office for the Chippewa district is located at this place.

HUDSON, Town, in St. Croix county, see Willow River, its former name.

HUGHLANS' Creek, a branch from the east of Little Platte river, in Smieltzer, Grant county.

HUMES' Rapids, on Rock river, 16 miles north of State line of Illinois; is about one and a half miles in length, with a descent of 7 feet.

HURD'S Mills, a small stream entering Red Cedar river, in Chippewa county, in town 28 N., of range 13.

HURD'S Mills, (see Okauchee.)

HURRICANE GROVE, P. 0., in town of Lancaster, on section 36, Grant county, town 4 N., of range 3 W.

HURRICANE, Neiqhborhood, embraced in parts of Lancaster, Beetown and Waterloo, contains the heaviest growth of timber in the State. The timber region took its name from a tornado or hurricane of wind that once swept over and prostrated most of the timber, perhaps 75 or 100 years ago. As we have only tradition and decayed logs for testimony, nothing very particular is known of the extent or time of the storm. The present size of the trees, and quantity standing upon the ground indicate, however, that the hurricane took place before the generation of timber now occupying the country had more than fairly germinated. There are large quantities of walnut, basswood, red and white oak, and maple trees of large size. The soil of this timber region differs from most any in Wisconsin. It resembles most the black limestone soil of Pennsylvania and New York; but in many places is of lighter quality, and is always deeper before coming to the clay. Its productiveness is absolutely astonishing yielding under good cultivation an hundred bushels corn to the acre. The only complaint is the work required in clearing the ground of the wood, which many prefer to do rather than settle on prairie land. The Hurricane will be a rich settlement in a few years.

HUSTISFORD, Town, in county of Dodge, being in town 10 N., of range 16 E.; centrally located, 8 miles southeast of Juneau. It has 8 school districts.

HUSTISFORD, P. V., in Dodge county, on section 9, town 10 N., of range 16 E. It is 8 miles southeast from Juneau, and 60 miles northeast from Madison. It is situated on Rock river, on the route of the Milwaukee and La Crosse railroad. Population 75; 12 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 hotel, 2 mills, and 1 Methodist denomination.

HUSTIS' Rapids, on Rock river, in Dodge county, three-fourths of a mile in length, in which distance is a descent of about 7 feet.

HYLAND'S Prairie, is in the town of Burnette, Dodge county.

INDIA, P. O., in county of Green, being on section 2, town 1 N., of range 8 E.

INDIANSVILLE, P. F., in town of Newark, Rock county, a Norwegian village, on town 1 N., of range 11 E. The only Norwewegian paper in the State is printed in this village.

IOWA, County, is bounded on the north by Richland and Sauk, on the east by Dane and a portion of Green, on the south by Lafayette, and on the west by Grant. It was formed from Crawford by an act of the legislative assembly of Michigan October 9, 1829, at which time it included all of the present State of Wisconsin, south of the Wisconsin river, and west of "a line drawn due north from the northern boundary of Illinois, through the middle of the Portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers." On the 6th September, 1834, the southern boundary of Iowa county was changed to the line between the Green Bay and Wisconsin land districts, which was a north and south line from the northern boundary of Illinois along the range of township line next west of Fort Winnebago, to the Wisconsin river, on the range line between ranges 8 and 9. The seat of justice is at Mineral Point. It is watered by branches of the Peckatonnica river, Blue river, and Mineral and Pipe creeks. The county contains about 750 square miles, and is eminently a mining county, but is also equally valuable for its agricultural resources. The soil is not surpassed in fertility by any in the State. Prairie and timber land in about equal proportions. The wheat or corn crop along the Wisconsin river never fails. The population is composed of Americans, Germans, English, Welsh, and Irish. The whole northern portion of the county, to a distance of eight or ten miles from the Wisconsin river, is peculiarly an agricultural country, and unsurpassed for stock raising. South from this, the mineral region extends in every direction, over prairie and woodland. The central and southern portion of the county is a mining country, but none the less adapted to farming-for its rich soil and abundant water render any part of it attractive. Prairie and timber alternately predominate. Streams of water meander through every ravine, furnishing not only irrigation for the land but a large quantity of water power. The ague and fevers of the West are unknown here. The advantages of this county are briefly, health, mineral wealth, agricultural resources, and abundant water power. The railroad to State line and connection with Chicago will give the settlers here a constant market. This county is connected with the fifth judicial circuit, the second congressional district, and, with Richland, forms the fifteenth senate district. It is divided into two assembly districts: 1. Towns of Highland, Dodgeville, Ridgway, Arena, Wyoming, Pulaski, and Clyde. 2. Towns of Mineral Point, Mifflin, Lyndon and Waldwick. The population in 1830 was 1,589; 1836, 3,218; 1838, 5,234; 1840, 3,978; 1842, 5,029; including Richland-1846, 14,905; 1817, 7,963; 1850,10,479. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, Parley Eaton; Sheriff, H. N. Mumford; Clerk of Court, James Hutchinson; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, James B. Gray; Register of Deeds, N. B. Boyden; County Treasurer, John B. Uren; District Attorney, Amasa Cobb; County Surveyor, Henry Madden.

IRON RIDGE, P. V., in town of Hubbard, on section 13, town 11 N., of range 16 E., of Dodge county, 8 miles east from Juneau, and 50 miles northeast from Madison. It was first settled in 1849, and is on the Milwaukee and Mayville plank road, in a good fairming region of land, with abundance of water, and an inexhaustible bed of the best quality of iron, occupying about 80 acres of surface, and from 10 to 50 feet deep. Population 60; with 15 dwellings, 1 store, I hotel, 1 mill, 2 asheries, 1 pearl-house and saleratus manufactory.

IRON, River, a tributary of Lake Superior, in La Pointe county, east of Bois Brule river.

ISLAND, Lake, in town of Dunn, Dane county, on section 27, town 6 N., of range 10 E.

IVES' Grove, P. O., in Racine county.

IXONIA, P. O., in town of same name, Jefferson county, on section 30, town 8 N., of range 16 E., known as Piperville, on Rock river, 6 miles above Watertown.

IXONIA, Town, in county of Jefferson, being town 8 N., of range. 16 E.; centrally located, 14 miles northeast from Jefferson, The population in 1850 was 1,113. It has 11 school districts.

JACKSON, County, was set off from La Crosse at the January session of the legislature in 1853, and includes all of said county of, La Crosse, north of town 18. The seat of justice is at the village of Black River Falls, on Black river. In this county about 15,000,000 feet of pine lumber is sawed annually. For further particulars, see La Crosse county.

JACKSON, Town,, in county of Washington, being town 10 N., of range 20 E.; centrally located, 15 miles southwest from Ozaukee. The population in 1850 was 1,038. It has. 10, school districts.

JAMESTOWN, Town, in county of Grant, being fractional town 1 N., of range 2 W.; centrally located, 20 miles southwest from Lancaster. It has 3 school districts.

JAMESTOWN, P. V., Grant county, on section 1 of town of same name, 26 miles south from Lancaster, and S5 miles southwest from Madison, is in a healthy location, on the head waters of the Menominee creek. It has a population of 100; with 25 dwellings, 1 store, 1 hotel, 1 good public school, 2 religious denominations, a lodge of I. O. O. F., and a division of Sons of Temperance.

JANESVILLE, City, is located on section 36, of town of same name, in Rock county. It is pleasantly situated on both sides of Rock river, 14 miles north of the State line, and about midway between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river; 40 miles southeast of Madison, and 90 from Chicago, Ill. It was organized into a city government in April, 1853. It is the county seat of Rock county, has two extensive water powers which are but partially developed, and is surrounded by a fertile and farming dairy country, with which it has an extensive trade. Its steady and rapid increase in population and wealth will appear from the following statistics: The first families settled upon the spot where the city now stands in the year 1836. A: village was laid out in 1839. In 1843, the population was 333; in 1835, 857; in 1847, 1,458; in 1849, 1,812; in 1850, 3,100; in 1853, about 5,000. Rail roads from Milwaukee, Racine, Kenosha, Chicago, Beloit, Dubuque, Madison, and Fond du Lac, are projected to this city; the first already completed, and the others are under contract to be finished in one or two years. There are 4 flouring mills, within the limits of the corporation, having 10 run of stones; 3 saw mills, 1 woollen factory, 1 mill for manufacturing, water lime, and grinding coarse feed for cattle, swine, &c., to which is to be added an oil mill, two foundries, a mill for sawing stone and turning wood, with a large number of mechanic shops of all descriptions; 12 dry good, 17 grocery, 2 hard ware, 2 book, 3 drug, several clothing, shoe and variety stores; 2 banks, (Badger State, and Central Wisconsin); 5 hotels, and a sixth being erected, of very large dimensions, on the ruins of one recently burnt down; 4 printing presses, 3 weekly and 1 monthly newspaper, and 1 book bindery. The State Institution for the. Blind is located at Janesville, a portion of the buildings are completed in which several children are receiving instruction. Besides the public schools, Janesville has an academy and a female seminary, both excellent institutions; also 6 large churches erected, built of brick or stone.

JANESVILLE, Town, in county of Rock, being town 3 N., of range, 12 E.; located in the southeast corner of which is Janesville, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 3,419. It has 12 school districts.

JEFFERSON, County, is bounded on the north by Dodge, east by Waukesha, south by Walworth and Rock, and west by Dane,. and is four townships square, containing 576 sections. It was set off December 7, 1836, and established from Milwaukee,. to which it remained attached until 29th February, 1839, when it was completely organized. The county seat is at the. village of Jefferson, opposite the forks of the Crawfish with Rock river, and near the centre of the county. Its streams are, Rock, Crawfish, and Bark river, and Johnson's, Scupernong, Whitewater, Waterloo, Duck, and Battle creek. The northeastern portion of the county is covered by the best growth of hard timber in the State, the southeast by prairie, and the remainder by openings. The surface of the western portion of the county is level or gently undulating. The excellent farming land, being well watered and timbered, together with its location and enterprizing inhabitants, entitle it to a position among the best counties in the State. The county of Jefferson constitutes the fifteenth senate district, and is divided into three assembly districts, viz.: 1. The town of Watertown. 2. The town of Waterloo, Milford, Lake Mills, and Oakland. 3. Jefferson and Koskonong. 4. Ixonia, Concord, Farmington and Aztalan. 5. Hilebron, Sullivan, Coldspring and Palmyra. It is connected with the second judicial circuit, and the third congressional district. The population in 1838 was 468; 1840, 914; 1842, 1,638; 1846, 8,680; 1847, 11,464:; 1850, 15,339. Dwellings, 2,933; manufactories, 25; farms, 1,042.

JEFFERSON, Town, in county of Green, being town 1 N., of range 8; centrally located, 6 m1iles southeast from Monroe. The population in 1850 was 692. It has 7 school districts.

JEFFERSON, Town, in county of Jefferson, being town 6 N., of range 14 E. The county seat is in this town. The population in 1850 was 1,610. It has 11 school districts.

JEFFERSON, P. V. and C. H., in town and county of same name, on sect. 11, is located at the junction of Crawfish and Rock rivers, near the centre of the county, and 32 miles east from Madison, on the line of R. R. V. U. R. R. This place is between the timber and openings, and has not been properly developed on account of the poor roads from the east; they, however, have recently been much improved. The surrounding country is thickly settled, having a famUily upon nearly every 40 acre tract of land. These farms are just beginnling to pay well, and this vicinity is destined to be one of the best farming districts of the West. There is a good water powver on Rock river, and another ont the Crawfish. It has 950 inhabitants, 150 dwellings, 10 stores, 2 hotels, 4 mills, 1 chair factory, 3 shoe shops, 2 churches, a courthouse and jail.

JEFFERSON, Prairie, is the name of a large prairie in Clinton, Rock county.

JENNY BULL, Falls, (Beaulieux Rapids), on the Wisconsin river, are in town 31, of range 6. At this place are 4 mills, cutting about 3,000,000 feet of lumber per year.

JOHNSON'S Creek, rises in the town of Watertown, runs south into Farmington, and thence west into Rock river, in the town of Aztalan, Jefferson county.

JOHNSON'S, Rapids, this was the former name of the excellent hydraulic power of Rock river, at the present village of Watertown, Jefferson county. The descent of the river in two miles is about 25 feet.

JOHNSTOWN, Town, in county of Rock, being town 3 N., range 14 E.; centrally located, ten miles east from Janesville. Population in 1850 was 1,271. It has 9 school districts.

JOHNSTOWN, P. V., on section 23 of town of same name, 13 miles east from Janesville, and fifty miles southeast from Madison. It has about 40 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 hotels, 1 Baptist and 1 Congregational church. It has a pleasant and healthy location on Rock Prairie, and in a vicinity of farms of good soil and well cultivated. M:uchli attention has been paid to the raising of sheep, with satisfactory results.

JOHNSTOWN CENTRE, P. V., on section 24 of town of same name, 10 miles east from Janesville, and 42 miles southeast from Madison. It has 200 inhabitants, 40 dwellings, 2 stores, and 1 hotel. It is located at the junction of the Chicago and Madison with the Janesville and Milwaukee stage roads, on the north edge of Rock Prairie.

JORDAN, Town, in the county of Greene, being town 2 N., of range 6. The population in 1850 was 389. It has 4 school districts.

JUNEAU, P. V. (formerly Dodge Centre,) and county seat of Dodge county, is situated on section 21 of town 11 N., of range 15 E., being the town of Oak Grove, formerly Fairfield. It has a beautiful location, on the surveyed route of the R. R. V. U. R. R. Population 300; with 50 dwellings, 3 stores, 2 hotels, and 3 religious denominations.

KAGINE, lake, La Pointe county, forms the head waters of the principal branch of the Mashkeg river.

KANGAROO, Lake, in town 30 N., of range 20, Door county, near shore of Lake Superior.

KAMANOSA, River, of Lake Superior, see Poplar river.

KAUKAUNA, Town, in Outagamie county, being town 21 N., of range 18, and W. half of 19; centrally located, 6 miles from Grand Chute. It has 5 school districts.

KAUKAUNA, P. V., Outagamie county, on section 24 of town of same name. It is eight miles northeast from Appleton, and 115 northeast from Madison. It is situated at the present head of navigation on the Lower Fox, 20 miles above Green Bay. At Kaukauna formerly Grand Kaukaulin) there is a descent in the river of 44 feet, which is being improved by a canal one mile in length, which is to be passed by four locks, and will probably be completed during the present season. This place has an abundance of water power, and is surrounded by good faining, lands, both timbered and openings. Population 200; with 30 dwellings, 3 stores, 4 hotels, 1 saw mill, and a Baptist and Catholic church.

KAUKAULIN, Creek, a small tributary from the south of the Neenah river, which it enters at Grand Kaukalin.

KAYISIKING, (or Shell,) River, is the outlet of Shell Lake, in south part of La Pointe county.

KAYONGWA-SOGOKA, River, a tributary from the east of Bad river, in La Pointe county.

KENDALL, Town, in Lafayette county, 12 miles north from Shullsburg.

KENINGAMORE, Lake, a small lake in the northeastern part of the town of Rochester, Racine county.

KENOSHA, County, is bounded on the north by Racine, east by Lake Michigan, south by the State of Illinois, and west by Walworth and a portion of Racine. The county seat is at Kenosha, formerly known as Southpoit, on the lake shore, about midway between the northern and southern extremity of the county. It was set off from Raciine and fully organized, 30th January, 1850. The eastern portion of the county is mostly prairie, with occasional groves of timber. In the northeast part is a large tract of heavy timber. The western portion is mostly openings. The soil is productive in the highest degree, and well adapted to the growing of all the crops of the climate, and the raising of stock. It has the best of market facilities-Kenosha close at hand, and Milwaukee and Chicago easy of access. It has a healthy climate, and is settled by an intelligent and enterprizing class of farmers. The principal streams are the Fox, (Pishtaka,) the Aux Raines and Pike creeks. Population 10,734; 927 farms, and 1,812 dwellings. This county belongs to the first congressional district, the first judicial circuit, and forms the eighth senate district, sending two members to the assembly as follows: 1. City of Kenosha and towns of Southport, Somers, and Pleasant Prairie; 2 Towns of Paris, Bristol, Brighton, Salem and Wheatland. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, Hon. Isaac N. Stoddard; 2. Sheriff, Patrick Cosgrave; Clerk of Court, Oscar F. Dana; Register of Deeds, Samuel Y. Brande; County Treasurer, Michael Frank; District Attorney, Isaac W. Webster; County Surveyor, M. Howland; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, R. H. Deminig; Coroner, Philip Carey.

KENOSHA, City, is situated upon Lake Michigan, 55 miles north from Chicago, and 3.5 miles south finom Milwaukee, and is distant from Madison 101 miles. It is the most southern port on Lake Michigan in the State. When the resources of the county are fllly developed when capital finds its account in making; necessary improvements, this place is destined to be a city of wealth, business and importance. The country which surrounds it is eminently productive, and its surface is agreeably diversified and beautiful. The city itself presents a great diviersity of soil and surface, and is generally estimated on this account to occupy a more favorable position than those places which have a uniform level surface, and a perfect uniformity of soil. There is no considerable stream emptying itself into the lake at this place; but the harbor is mainly formed by a small bay, which extends in a circular form for about one mile, where it again intersects the lake, forming an island, and making two outlets from the bay into the lake, thus creating, in the opinion of many, when it shall have been properly improved, one of the most convenient and picturesque harbors upon the whole chain of lakes. In the spring of 1835, a company was formed in western New York, whose object was to effect a settlement at some favorable point in the West, and Hon. John Bullen, now resident here, was selected as the agent of the company, to proceed to the West and select a location. He arrived at this place, then uninhabited, and also far distant from any settlement, on 12th June, 1835, and from that time became a permanent resident of the place. The first building, a log one, was erected in the month of July following. Thie company which he represented having, in part, soon after arrived, the place immediately assumed an appearance of activity. The growth of the place hats been greatly retarded for want of sufficient appropriation from Congress for the construction of a harbor and piers. The harbor still remains in an unfinished state, though its improvement is slowly- but steadily advancing. The first bridge pier ever erected on Lake Michigan was built here by Benjamin P. Cahoon, since which time two others have been built out into the lake by private enterprize. These, in absence of better facilities, answer in a manner, though, it must be acknowledged, not in an entirely satisfactory manner, the wants of business and the demands of commerce. In addition to private schools and academies, there are two large public schools. The building in the first ward accommodates 700 scholars, and the one in the second ward about 300, and both have a corps of well accomplished instructors. There are three public papers printed-whig, democrat and free soil. What are termed Artesian wells have been sunk with manifest success and advantage, by boring from 135 to 180 feet, a vein of water is struck, which over flows the surface, furnishing an unfailing supply of the purest of water. A plank road has been built to Fox river, distance 20 miles, and will ultimately be constructed to Beloit. There is a charter for a railroad to terminate at the same point. City Officers: Mayor, Charles C. Sholes; Clerk, J. Murray; Treasurer, Daniel M. Clarkson; Marshal, Richard B. Winsor; Justices, J. Manisfield, O. Colwell, F. J. Whitlock.

KEWASKUM, P. O., in Washington county.

KORO, P. O., in Winnebago county.

KESHAYNIC, River, see Grand river.

KEWASKUM, Town, (formerly North Bend,) in county of Washington, being the north two-thirds of town 9, range 19 E.; centrally located, 20 miles northwest from Ozaukee. The population in 1850 was 672. It has 6 school districts.

KEWAUNEE, County, is bounded on the north by Door county, on the east by the state line in Lake Michigan, on the south by Manitowoc, and on the west by Brown, and contains about thirteen townships of land. It was set off from Door, April 16, l852, and is attached to Manitowoc for judicial purposes. The streams are Kewaunee and Red rivers, Benton's, Martin's, Ashnepee and Thorn-apple creeks. It is attached to the second senatorial and third congressional districts and with Brown and Door, sends one mnember to the assembly. The county having been so recently established, has not as yet reached to much dignity as a county.

KEWAUNEE, Town, in county of Kewaunee, embracing the whole county.

KEWAUNEE, River, in county of same name, rises in the eastern portion of Brown county, and running southeast, enters Lake Michigan, in town 23 N., of range 25 W. It is about 25 miles long, and is navigable for 5 or 6 miles from the lake.

KEWAWIYE, Lake, on the line between Chippewa and La Pointe county.

KEYEs' Lake, see Rock Lake.

KEYEs' Creek, is the outlet of Rock lake, in the towns of Lake Mills, Aztalan and Milford, in Jefferson county.

KICKAPOO, River, rises in Bad Ax county, and runs south, nearly parallel with the Mississippi, in town 7 N., of range 4 E., in Crawford county.

KILBER, River, a small stream entering the Mississippi, in the western part of Cassville, Grant county.

KILBOURN, Diggings, mining point in town 1, range 1 W.

KILBOURNTOWN, see Milwaukee city.

KILLDARE, Town, in county of Sauk.

KILLMAKE, Creek, a small tributary of the north branch of Manitowoc river, in town 19 N., of range 20, Calumet county.

KINEDO, Lake, see Tomahawk lake.

KIGSTON, P. V., in town of Kingston, Marquette county, being on section 13, in town 14 N., of range 11, 14 miles from Montello.

KINGSTON, Town, in county of Marquette. It has 5 school districts.

KINNIKINNICK, Town, in county of St. Croix, being towns 27 and 28 N., of south half of town 17; southeast from Willow river. It has 1 school district.

KINNIKINNICK, River, rises in the centre of St. Croix county, and runs southwest, entering St. Croix river about six miles from its mouth.

KINO, Lake, a crescent shaped lake, in Red Cedar river, below Lake Mukwa.

KINONJE, Lake, on outlet of Lake Meminis, on the head waters of St. Croix.

KNAPP's, Creek, rises in town 11, meridian, and running south, near the line between Richland and Crawford counties, falls into the Wisconsin river.

KNAPP & BLACK'S Mills, on Red Cedar river, in Chippewa county.

KOSHKONONG, Town,, in county of Jefferson, being town 5 N., of range 13 and 14 E.; centrally located, 10 miles southwest from Jefferson. The population in 1850 was 1,512. It has 9 school districts.

KOSHKOKONG, Lake, is an enlargement of Rock river, in southwest corner of Jefferson county. It is about 8 miles long, and nearly three miles wide.

KOSHKONONG, Prairie, is in south part of Deerfield, Dane county.

KOSSUTH, Town, in Manitowoc county.

KOSSUTH, Town, in county of Fond du Lac, being town 16 N., of range 19 E.; centrally located, 10 miles northeast from Fond du Lac city. It forms a part of the old town of Calumet.

KOSSUTH, P. O., in the county of Racine.

KOSSUTH, Town, in county of Winnebago.