Wisconsin Gazetteer 1853:
Names, Location, And Advantages Of The Cities, Towns,
Villages, Post-Offices And Settlements, Together With 
A Description Of The Lakes, Water Courses, Prairies, 
And Public Localities In The State Of Wisconsin-For 1853.
Alphabetically Arranged.

NOTICE.-Names and descriptions prepared too late for their proper place, will be
found in the Appendix. (they originally were in the appendix but I merged them 
into the mail listings.

ABBEVIATIONS.-
C. H., Court House, or County Seat; 
L., Lake; 
Pr., Prairie; 
P. O., Post Office; 
P. V., Post Village; 
R., River; 
T, Town; 
V., Village.

[ A ] [ B ] [ C ] [ D ] [ E ] [ F ] [ G ]
[ H ] [ I ] [ J ] [ K ] [ L ] [ M ] [ N ]
[ O ] [ P ][ Q ] [ R ] [ S ] [ T ]
[ U ] [ V ] [ W ] [ Y ]

ABBOTT, Town, in county of Sheboygan, being town 13 N., in range 21 E.; located southwest from Sheboygan, the county seat. It has 9 school districts.

ADAMS, P. V., in Walworth county, on section 18, town 4 N., range 17 E.; being in the town of Troy, 10 miles north from Elkhorn, and 60 miles southeast from Madison, in a good farming district, 8 miles southwest from the Milwaukee and Mississippi railroad depot at Eagle Prairie.

ADAMS, Town, in the county of Green, being township 3 N., of range 6 E.; located ten miles northwest from Monroe. the county seat. It has 5 school districts.

ADAMS, County, is bounded on the north by Portage, on the east by Waushara and Marquette, on the south by Columbia and Sauk, and on the west by La Crosse and a portion of Sauk. It was established March 11, 1848, from Portage; at which time it embraced the territory south and west of the Lemonwier and Wisconsin rivers, north of town 13, and east of range 1 E. By an act approved March 6, 1849, the territory was extended north and east, and so changed in the southeast that it embraced only about four townships of its original limits. At the session of the legislature of the winter of 1853, it was restored to its former southern bounds, and the seat of justice located at Kingsbury's Ferry, on the Wisconsin river. The county is attached to Sauk for legislative purposes. It is watered by the Wisconsin, Lemonwier, Yellow, Necada, and the two Roche a Gris rivers, with several other streams, the banks of some of which are covered by an excellent growth of pine timber. The first surveys of Adams county having been made so recently as 1851, but little is as yet known of its advantages and resources. The population in 1850 was 187, since which time it has been rapidly settling. Upon the Lemonwier are erected and in operation, four saw mills propelled by water, and one by steam, and are supposed to produce from four to six million feet of pine lumber per annun. The valley of the Lemonwier, so called, constitutes that part lying on the west and south of said river, is not easily surpassed in richness and fertility of soil; the timber being principally black and burr oak; numerous small streams and rivulets flow from the high lands across the valley, which already contain a numerous population. There is one steam saw mill, and one mill propelled by water, on the Yellow river, employed in the manufacture of pine lumber, producing from two to three million feet per annum. The country lying between the Yellow river and the Wisconsin, and the Yellow river and the Lemonwier, presents a flat and monotonous appearance; the soil in general being unfit for agricultural purposes, affording, however, many facilities for stock raising and dairy farming unsurpassed in the state. The features of the country are more varied in the east than on the west side of the Wisconsin river, presenting a more broken and undulating surface, and more elevated. This part of the country is fast being settled by a hardy and enterprising class of farmers, and is destined, at no distant day, to be one of the best grain-growing portions of the State. The southeast part of the county is the most densely populated, the country being diversified and much elevated, but not very well watered. At the first election held in the county, in April 1853, the following gentlemen were elected County Officers: County Judge, E. S. Miner; Sheriff, W. J. Sayre; Clerk of Court, S. G. Holbrook; Clerk of Board Supervisors, Wm. H. Spain; Register, Wm. H. Palmer; District Attorney, D. A. Bigelow; Treasurer, S.G. Holbrook; Surveyor, Caleb Mc Arthur; Coroner, W. I. Webster.

ADDISON, Town, in county of Washington, being town 11 N., of range 18 E.; located 23 miles west from Ozaukee. The population in 1850 was 1,092. It has 9 school districts.

ADELL, P. V., in county of Sheboygan, being on section 17, in town 13 N., (Abbott,) range 20 E.

AHNEPEE, Creek, rises in Door county, and runs southeast, entering Lake Michigan in town 25, range 25 E., in Kewaunee county.

AJASOWI, River, see Courterielle river.

ALBANY, P. V., in Green county, on section 28, town 3 N., range 9 E.; 14 miles northeast from Monroe, 28 miles south from Madison. Population, 200; 26 dwellings, 8 stores, 2 hotels, 2 mills, and 9 manufactories. It has a large water power-in the midst of a good farming country, and has three regular mail routes passing through the village.

ALBANY, Town, in Green county, being township 3 N., range 9 E.; located 12 miles northeast from Monroe. The population in 1850 was 546. It has 6 school districts.

ALBION, P. V., in town of same name, Dane county.

ALBION, Town, in county of Dane, being in town 5 N., range 12 E.; centrally located, 25 miles southeast from Madison, the county seat. It has 7 school districts.

ALBION, Town, in county of Jackson, being all of said county, north of township 22. It has 4 school districts.

ALCOVE, P. V., in Fond du Lac county, on section 32 of the town of Empire, (town 15 N., range 18 E.,) 6 miles southeast from Fond du Lac, the county seat, and 75 miles northeast from Madison.

ALGOMA, Town, in county of Winnebago, south side of Fox river. The population in 1850 was 702. It has 7 school districts.

ALGOMA, P. V., in town of same name, Winnebago county, on section 15, in town 18 N., range 16 E., on Fox river, between Lake Great Butte des Morts and Winnebago, 2 miles above Oshkosh.

ALLEN's GROVE, P. V., in town of Sharon, Walworth county, on section 6, in town 1 N., range 15 E.

ALMOND, P. V., in county of Portage. It is 16 miles from Plover, the county seat, and 105 miles from Madison. Population, 150.

ALMOND, Town, in county of Portage.

ALTO, P. V., Fond du Lac county, on section 13, in town of same name, being town 14 N., range 14 E.; located 18 miles south west from Fond du Lac city, and 55 miles northeast from Madison.

ALTO, Town, in the county of Fond du Lac, being town 14 N., of range 14 E.; centrally located, 10 miles southwest from Fond du Lac. Population in 1850 was 630. It has 9 school districts.

AMENECON, (Amican), River, a tributary of Lake Superior, next east of Sandy river, in La Pointe county.

AMHERST, Town, in county of Portage, being towns 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, in range 10, and 24 and 25 in range 9 E.

ANCIENT, P. O., in Dane county.

APPLE, River, rises near the head of Duck Creek, and runs north easterly into Fox river, 5 miles below Rapide de Croche, in Outagamie county.

APPLE, River, a tributary of St. Croix river from the east, in St. Croix county, enters the same from the east, near the line between townships 30 and 31.

APPLETON, P. V., and C. H., in Outagamie county, town of Grand Chute, on section 26, town 21 N., range 17 E. It is about 125 miles northeast from Madison. The Lawrence Institute is located at this place, and the surrounding country is very healthy and fertile. Population 800; 275 dwellings, 10 stores, 5 hotels, 4 saw mills, 1 flouring mill, 1 edge tool factory, 2 planing mills and a paper factory. It is situated on the Lower Fox river at the Grand Chute Rapids, 30 miles from Green Bay. Its hydraulic advantages are equal to any in the United States, the aggregate fall being 40 feet. It is in a direct line between Manitowoc on the Lake, and Stevens' Point on the Wisconsin, between which places a plank road is in process of construction.

ARENA, Town, in the county of Iowa, being townships Nos. 7 and 8 N., of ranges 4 and 5 E.; centrally located, 20 miles northeast fromn Mineral Point, the county seat. It has 3 school districts. It is in an agricultural district, containing bottom lands of the first quality, sandy, but well watered. Settled originally by the British Temperance Emigration Society.

ARENA, P. F., in town of same name, Iowa county, on the Wisconsin river, town 8 N., range 5 E.

ARGYLE, P. O., in Lafayette county.

ARGYLE, Town, in Lafayette county.

ARMITAGERS, Rapids, in Chippewa county, and on Chippewa river, in town 30 N., range 7 W.

ARMY, Lake, in town of East Troy, Walworth county, on section 16, town 4 N., range 18 E. It is named in compliment to the U.S. army, and is owned by Major H. W. Merrill, of the army. His farms, which includes the lake, contains 640 acres. The lake covers about 100 acres; is 28 miles southwest from Milwaukee, and is on the northwest quarter of the section. Its form is oval, beautifully curved and indented with small bays and promontories, and being supplied by springs it has no visible inlet. Its shores are elevated by gently rising banks, and bordered on all sides with a fine growth of forest trees.

ASHFORD, Town, in county of Fond du Lac, being town 13 N., range 18 E.; centrally located, 15 miles southeast from the city of Fond du Lac. The population in 1850 was 546. It has 7 school districts.

ASHIPPUN, Town, in county of Dodge, being town 9 N., range 17 E.; centrally located, 14 miles southwest from Juneau. It has 8 school districts.

ASHIPPUN, P.O., in town of same name, in southwest corner of Dodge county.

ASHTON, P. O., in Dane county.

ASHWABENA, River, in Brown county, a small tributary of the Fox, emptying opposite to Depere.

ATTANWA, River, a tributary from the east of St. Croix river, a few miles above the Falls of St. Croix.

ATTICA, P. V., in southwest corner of the town of Brooklyn, on Sugar river, Green county.

ATTONOWINING, River, a tributary from the north of river St. Croix.

AUBURN, P. O., Fond du Lac county, on section 18, of town of the same name, 14 miles southeast from Fond du Lac, and 90 miles northeast from Madison. It is situated on the Rubicon, the head waters of Milwaukee river, and has 1 store, 1 hotel, and 1 church.

AUBURN, Town, in the county of Fond du Lac, being town 13 N., range 19 E.; centrally located, 18 miles southeast from Fond du Lac. The population is 400. It has 8 school districts.

AVOCA, P. V., in Fond du Lac county, on section 13, town 14 N., range 16 E.

AVON, P. O., in town of same name, Rock county, on section 8, town 1 N., range 10 E.

AVON, Town, in the county of Rock, being town 1 N., of range 10 E.; centrally located, 17 miles southwest from Janesville. The population in 1850 was 588. It has 7 school districts.

AZTALAN, Town, in the county of Jefferson, being town 7 N., of range 14 E.; centrally located, 5 miles north from Jefferson, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 429. It has 8 school districts.

AZTALAN, P. V., in Jefferson county, and town of same name, 7 miles northwest from Jefferson, and 28 miles east from Madison. It is on both sides of the Crawfish, on the direct road from Madison to Milwaukee. It contains 1 Baptist chlurch, 3 denominations of Christians, 2 blacksmiths, 1 waggon-maker, 1 shoe shop, 1 fanning mill shop, brick yard, 1 saleratus factory, 3 stores, 2 hotels, 1 steam mill, 1 nursery of 150,000 trees, and an extensive stone quarry. In this town is situated the renowned "Ancient City," which comprises 30 acres of land. The city is surrounded by a brick wall, and is an object of antiquarian research. Population 250.

BACHELOR'S GROVE, P. V., in Rock county, on section 4, town 2, range 11 E., of the town of Plymouth; 10 miles west from Janesville, and 40 miles south from Madison. Population 70, with 12 dwellings, 1 temperance hotel, and a M. E. church.

BAD AX, Town, in county of Bad Ax. The population in 1850 (at which time it formed a portion of Crawford county,) was 630. It has 8 school districts.

BAD AX, County, is bounded on the north by La Crosse, on the east by Sauk and Richland, on the south by Richland and Crawford, and on the west by the Mississippi river, and was set off from Crawford and organized March 1, 1851. The county seat was established by a vote of the electors of the county on the 29th day of June, 1852, at Varoqua, near the centre of the county. It forms a part of the sixth judicial circuit, the second congressional, and the nineteenth senate district, and with Crawford sends one member of the assembly. The streams are the Bad Ax, Kickapoo and Racoon rivers, with their tributaries, and small streams emptying into the Mississippi. A large quantity (41,807 acres,) of that portion of school lands known as the 500,000 acre grant, is situated in Bad Ax county, the soil of which is good, and produces good crops of wheat, oats, corn, &c. This county is comparatively new, and contained in 1850 less than 700 inhabitants. During the last two years the population has increased very fast. County Officers: Judge, Henry J. Defrees; Sheriff, James Bailey; Clerk of Court, Wm. F. Terhune.

BAD AX, River, in Bad Ax county, rises in town 14, range 4 W.; runs southwest, and empties into the Mississippi, in town 12. Its mouth is remarkable for being adjoining the site of the last battle field with Black Hawk, August 2d, 1832.

BAD AX, P. V., in Bad Ax county, on section 25, town 12 N., range 5 W.

BAD FISH, Creek, rises in Oregon, Dane county, and runs southeast, emptying into the Catfish river, in Porter, Rock county.

BAD, River, of Lake Superior. See Mauvoise.

BADGER, P. O., in Fond du Lac county.

BAILEY'S, Harbor, on western shore of Lake Michigan, in town 30, Door county, at Gibraltar.

BAKER'S CORNER, P. V., in Walworth county, on section 6, town 3, range 18 E., town of Spring Prairie, 10 miles northeast from Elkhorn, and 80 miles southeast from Madison, on the road from Janesville to Racine, at the junction of the highway to East Troy and Milwaukee. It is in a good farming district, well adapted to raising wheat, &c.

BALD, Prairie, in Winnebago county, in towns of Clayton, Vinland, Winneconne and Winchester.

BALL, River, see La Crosse river and Prairie La Crosse.

BARABOO, P. V. and C. H., on both sides of river of same name, in Sauk county; it is mostly on section 2, in town 11 N., of range 6 E., and is about 50 miles northwest from Madison. It now includes the village of Adams. It has 6 taverns, 7 stores, 5 mills, 26 mechanical shops, 1 carding machine, 1 tannery, and 1 printing office at which the Sauk County Standard is published weekly. Population, 2,000.

BARKER's, Lake, is in the northwest part of the town of Sugar Creek, Walworth county. It is about one and a half miles in length.

BARK, Point, Lake Superior, near the mouth of Heron river.

BARK, River, rises in Richfield, Washington county, and running southwest through the towns of Merton, Delafield, Summit, and Ottawa, in Waukesha county, passes through the towns of Sullivan, Hebron, Cold Spring and Koskonong, in Jefferson county, emptying into Rock river at Fort Atkinson, five miles above Lake Koshkonong.

BARK RIVER, P. O., Jefferson county, in the town of Hebron, 10 miles southeast of Jefferson, and 40 southeast of Madison.

BARTON, P. O., Washington county. See village of Newark.

BASS, Lake, a small lake on section 24, in the town of Rutland, Dane county.

PASS LAKE, P.O. in Rutland, Dane county, discontinued.

BATTLE, Creek, is a small stream having its source in two or three small lakes in Summit, Waulkeshla county, runs northwesterly, and empties into Oconomowoc river, in the town of Concord, Jefferson county.

BEACHWOOD, P. O., in county of Sheboygan, being in Scott, town 13 N., range 20 E.

BEAR, Creek, Chippewa county, enters Buffalo Slough from the east.

BEAR CREEK, P. O., in Richland county.

BEAR, Creek, rises in Sauk county, and runs southwest into the Wisconsin, in range 2 E.

BEAR, Island, in lake Michigan, near southeast corner of town 32, range 29 E., Door county. It is about a mile in diameter.

BEAR, Lake, in the town of Greenbush, Sheboygan county, on sec. 29, township 15, range 20 E.

BEAVER, Creek, a tributary from the north of Black river, entering the same near Dakorra Mound, La Crosse county.

BEAULIEUX, Rapids, are in the Wisconsin river, seven miles above the mouth of Pine river. See Jenny Bull Falls.

BEAVER DAM, Town, in the county of Dodge, being township 11, of range 14, and south half of town 12, range 14, and south half of town 12, range 13, eight miles west from Juneau, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 1,830. It has 10 school districts.

BEAVER DAM, River, rises in Fox lake, and runs south, emptying into the Crawfish, in the southern portion of Dodge county.

BEAVER DAM, P. V. in town of same name, Dodge county, being on section 4, town 11 N., range 14 E. It situated on a stream of the same name, at the outlet of a pond some 8 or 10 miles in extent, where stands a flouring mill, in which are constantly employed 4 runs of stone; where there is to be built the coming season another flouring mill and woollen factory, an oil mill, a saw mill, and a carding machine, with 5 more saw mills and 2 flouring mills with two runs of stone each, within 3 miles of the village, and yet the stream is considered sufficient for considerable improvement in the line of mills and machinery. A strip of excellent timber skirts its banks, rendering timber and lumber very abundant and cheap. In the village there are 3 hotels, 10 or 12 stores, 1 apothecary shop, 1 furnace, 1 cabinet, 1 tin, 1 saddle and harness shops, 2 livery stables, 3 churches, and two to be built immediately; 1 jewelry store, 6 doctors, 1 printing office, besides carpenter, tailor, blacksmith, waggon and shoe shops, &c., with some 400 dwellings, and a population of at least 1,500. This place possesses superior advantages. 1 has plenty of water power, and of timber to saw, thus reducing the price of lumber and rendering building easy. It is surrounded by one of the most fertile sections of the state, which naturally inclines to this point for a market; and its means of transit when the La Crosse and Milwaukee railroad is completed, will add another important feature to its prospects. With such natural advantages, and these evidences of prosperity, who can wonder that Beaver Dam should make such rapid strides in advancement and business facilities, while it requires no prophetic eye to discover that, ere long, she is to be ranked among the most populous, wealthy, and business inland towns in Wisconsin.

BEAVER, Lake, is near the centre of the town of Merton, a short distance east of Pine lake, in Waukesha county, into which it has its outlet. It is about a mile in length.

BEETOWN, Town, in the county of Grant, being townships 4 and 5 N., of range 4 W.; 6 miles west from Lancaster. It has 7 school districts.

BEETOWN, P. V. on section 30, in town of same name in Grant county, town 4, range 4 W.; is surrounded by rich lead mines and a good farming region of land, with timber on the east, and prairie on the north, west, and south. The population is about 300; with 55 dwellings, 9 stores, and 1 hotel.

BEETOWN, Diggings, a mining place on section 17, town 4, range 4 W., in Grant county.

BELFONTAINE, P. 0., in Columbia county.

BELGIUM, Town, in the county of Ouzaukee (sic), being township 12 N., of range 22 E.; located 7 miles north from Ouzaukee. The population in 1850 was 1,154. It has 7 school districts.

BELMONT, formerly P. O., in town of same name, in northwest corner of Lafayette county, at Platte Mounds. At this place the first session of the territorial legislature of Wisconsin was held. It is now the residence of Hon. Charles Dunn, chief justice of the territorial supreme court.

BELMONT, Town, in Lafayette county.

BELOIT, Town, in county of Rock, being township 1 N., of range 12 E.; located southerly, 10 miles from Janesville, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 2,750. It has 9 school districts.

BELOIT AND MADISON RAILROAD COMPANY.- Directors: John B. Turner, W. L. Newberry, Edward J. Tinkham, and E. S. Wadsworth, Chicago, Ill.; L. G. Fisher, Hazen Cheney, and John Hackett, Beloit, Wis.; Volney Atwood, J. A. Sleeper, and Otis W. Norton, Janesville, Wis.; Simeon Mills, F. G. Tibbits, and Elisha Burdick, Madison, Wis.; John P. Turner, President; Benj. Durham, Secretary; Edward J. Tinkham, Treasurer; and John P. Ilsley, Chief Engineer. This company was incorporated by act of tihe legislature, approved Feb. 18, 1852. By the charter the company are authorized to create a capital stock of $1,200,000, and to locate, construct and operate a single or double track railroad, from the village of Beloit in the county of Rock, via Janesville in the county of Rock, to Madison, the capital of the State of Wisconsin, with power also to connect or consolidate with other railroad companies. The company was organized at Madison on the 1st day of July, the same year, by the election of officers as above stated. Preliminary surveys were immediately commenced, preparatory to the location of the line, and the attainment of the right of way. The report of the chief engineer shows the length of the line from Beloit to Madison to be 52,08 (sic) miles, and the estimated cost $790,000, or $15,027 per mile, laid with heavy Trail. Some portions of the work have already been contracted, and the engineer is now actively engaged in completing the surveys and procuring the right of way, and the whole line will soon be ready for contract, and it is confidently believed that the entire road will be completed to Madison by the 4th of July, 1854. By an amendment to its charter, passed February, 1853, this company are authorized to construct their road direct from Beloit to Madison, and by running about twelve miles west of Janesville, the line will be reduced in length something over four miles, and be entirely removed from competition with rival roads. The district of country through which this road passes to its present terminus, the capital of Wisconsin, is equal, if not superior, in population, productiveness and natural beauty to any portion of the state; while its ultimate extension to the Wisconsin river at Portage city, and thence through the extensive pine regions of the north to Lake Superior, or the Upper Mississippi, insure for it an immense and constantly increasing business, as that interesting portion of the country becomes settled and more fully developed. The very favorable terms upon which this company have arranged with the Chicago and Galena railroad company, to run in connection with and operate this road as a branch of that already popular and profitable thoroughfare, added to the many other superior advantages already enjoyed by this company, warrant the belief that this will prove one of the most useful, as well as most profitable, railroad enterprises in the Great West. To Simeon Mills, Esq., of Madison, is due the credit of originating and largely contributing toward the successful prosecution of this enterprise.

BELOIT, P. V., Rock county, on sections 35 and 36, in town of same name, being town 1 N., of range 12 E., 12 miles south from Janesville, and 45 miles southeast from Madison. It is situated on the State line, at the junction of Turtle Creek with Rock River. Its commercial and manufacturing facilities are of a superior character, and the means of education are as great as in any other town in the State. It has a population of 3,000, with 400 dwellings, 1 baptist, 1 congregational, 1 methodist, 1 presbyterian, 1 episcopal, and 1 catholic church; 18 dry goods stores, 10 grocery and provision, 2 hardware and 3 drug stores; 3 stove and tin, 2 shoe, 4 clothing and 2 book stores; 2 cabinet, 2 barbers, 2 jewellers, 4 market and 2 paint shops; 3 saddle and harness, 4 blacksmiths and 2 coopers shops; 1 tobacco factory and store, 3 hotels, 3 flouring, 1 oil, and 1 saw mill, 1 flax factory, 1 foundry, 1 machine shop, 1 manufactory of reapers and fanning mills, 2 carriage and waggon factories, 1 scale manufactory, 1 woollen factory, and 1 candle and soap factory.

BEM, P. 0., in Greene county.

BENTON, Creek, rises in town 23, range 23 E., Kewannee county, runs southerly, emptying into the west Twin River in Manitowoc county.

BENTON, P.O., in Lafayette county.

BERLIN, P. V., is situated on sections 3 and 4, on the east side of Fox river, in town 17 N., of range 13 E. It was laid out in 1849 by N. H. Strong, Esq., from whom it derived the name of Strong's Landing, by which it is sometimes called. It is a place of considerable business, has a good river trade, and is in the centre of a large agricultural district. It has two newspapers, and various mercantile and mechanical establishments.

BERLIN, Town, in county of Marquette, being township 17 N., of range 13 E. It has 9 school districts.

BERRY, Town, in the county of Dane, being township 8 N., of range 7 E. It is 15 miles northwest from Madison.

BERRY, P.O., in town of same name, Dane county, on section 29, town 8 N., range 7 E.

BIG BEND, P. O. in southern part of Waukesha county.

BIG, Creek, a small tributary from the southeast of Black River, in La Crosse county, into which it empties, in town 19 N., of range 5 W.

BIG FOOT PRAIRIE, P. O., in town of Walworth, Walworth county.

BIG PLOVER, Piver, is a tributary from the northeast of the Wisconsin, which it enters between Plover and Stevens' Point.

BIG, Prairie, Waushara county, is a crescent shaped prairie in the eastern part of the town of Oasis, town 20 N., of range 8 E. Its greatest length is six miles, and extreme width three miles. It contains about 15,000 acres of land.

BIG QUINNESEC, Falls, are rapids in the Menominee river, about one and a half miles in length, in which distance the fall is 134 feet. This distance is divided into four chutes, at the lowest of which the river dashes over a perpendicular fall of rocks forty feet in height.

BIG SUAMICO, River, rises in Oconto county, and runs east, through township 25, emptying into Green Bay from the west.

BILLING'S, Creek, in Bad Ax county, is a branch of the Kickapoo river.

BIRCH, Lake, on Red Cedar river, between Sketch and Pine lakes.

BIRD's RUIN, see Hanchettville P.O.

BLACK, Creek, Sheboygan county, rises in the southwest part of town 13, range 23 E., and runs north easterly to the north east corner of the town of Wilson, where it falls into Lake Michigan.

BLACK, Creek, is a small tributary, from the west of Fox River, which it enters near the line between towns 16 and 17, in Marquette county.

BLACK, Creek, rises near the N. E. corner of Outagamie county, and runs southwesterly, uniting with the outlet of White Lake, and falls into Wolf river, in the town of Ellington.

BLACK EARTH, Town, (formerly Farmer'sville) in county of Dane, being township No. 8 N., range 6 E., located 20 miles from Madison. It has 3 school districts.

BLACK EARTH, P. V., Dane county, in town of same name, on section 26, town 8 N., range 6 E., 21 miles nearly west from Madison. Population 75; 15 dwellings, 1 store, 1 hotel and a good flouring mill. It is situated in the fertile valley of the Black Earth creek, 9 miles above its entrance into the Wisconsin. This village was laid out in 1850, and has a good water power.

BLACK EARTH, River, rises in Middleton, in Dane county, and runs N. W., entering the Wisconsin at Arena, in Iowa county.

BLACK, tiver, (Sappah,) rises in Marathon county, and runs south west, entering the Mississippi, in La Crosse county, about half way between La Crosse and Trempeleau rivers. It is navigable to the Falls, to which place it maintains a width of 200 yards.

BLACK RIVER, Falls, are about 50 miles from the mouth of the Black River, in Jackson county, at which place the stream is about 200 yards wide, and falls 22 feet in the distance of 100 yards.

BLACK RIVER FALLS, P. V., on Black river, in Jackson county town 21 N., range 4 W.

BLACK RIVER PINERY, is on Black river, and its tributaries mostly in La Crosse and Jackson counties. The amount of lumber manufactured in this section, aside from square timber, lath, and shingles, is shown by the following estimate:

Angle's Mills, on La Crosse river 500.000
La Crosse Mills.................2,000,000
Nichols " ........................800,000
Douglass " .....................1,000,000
Polley's " ...................... 500,000
Robinson's " .................... 500,000
Valentine's " ....................800,000
Shephard's " .....................
Patterson's " ....................500,000
Perry's " ........................800,000
Spaulding's " ....................500,000
Wm. Levice's Mills..............1,800,000
John Levice's " ..................800,000
Hall's " .........................800,000
Johnson's " ......................300,000
Blanchard's " ....................300,000
Bailey's " .......................300,000
Clarke's " .......................500,000
Whipple's  " .....................800,000
O'Neall's " ......................500,000
Cowley's " .......................800,000
Eaton's " ........................500,000
Total                          14,500,000

BLACK WOLF, P.O., in town of same name, Winnebago county.

BLACK WOLF, Town, in county of Winnebago, being township 17 N., of range 17 E.; located 18 miles northwest from Oshkosh, the county seat. It has 3 school districts.

BLAKE's, Prairie, is a large prairie, in range 5 W., in Grant county.

BLOCK HOUSE, Creek, a branch from the east of Little Platte river, in Smeltzer, Grant county.

BLOOMFIELD, Town, in the county of Walworth, being township 1 N., of range 18 E.; located 13 miles southeast from Elkhorn, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 879. It has 6 school districts.

BLOOMFIELD, P. V., in Walworth county, on section 35, of town of same name, (town 1 N., range 18 E.,) 18 miles southeast from Elkhorn and 80 miles southeast from Madison, on the Nippissing creek, with a good water fall.

BLOOMINGDALE, P. V., in town of Omro, Winnebago county, being in town 18 N., range 15 E.

BLOOMINGDALE, Town, see Omro.

BLOOMING GROVE, Town, in the county of Dane, being township 7 N., of range 10 E.; located 4 miles east from Madison, the county seat. Population in 1850 was 291. It has 6 school districts.

BLUE MOUNDS, P. O., at the oldest settlement of Dane county, in town of same name, on section 5, town 6, range 6 E., 25 miles northeast from Mineral Point; and is the same distance west from Madison, on the great stage route and thoroughfare from the Mississippi to Milwaukee, via Madison. It was first settled in 1828, by Ebenezer Brigham, who made a valuable discovery of mineral at this place in that year.

BLUE MOUNDS, two conical shaped hills, the one in Iowa, the other in Dane county; 12 miles south from the Wisconsin river, and 25 miles west from Madison. The top of one of these mounds is l001 feet above the level of the Wisconsin river at Helena, and is the highest point in the State.

BLUE MOUND, Creek, rises near the Blue Mounds in Dane county, and runs northwest, uniting with the Black Earth river in the town of Arena, Iowa county.

BLUE MOUNDS, Town, in county of Dane, being township 6 N., of range 6 E; located 21 miles west from Madison. It has 5 school districts.

BLUE RIVER, P. O., in Iowa county.

BLUE, River, rises in Highland, Iowa county, and runs northwest into the Wisconsin river, in the town of Fennimore, Grant county.

BLUE RIVER, Diggings, a mining point at section 24, town 6 N., of range 1 W., in Grant county.

BLUFF, P. O., in town of Kingston, Sauk county, in town 10 N., of range 6 E.

BLUFFTON, P. V., in Marquette county, being town 16 N., of range 13 E., on section 7 It is located 3 miles northwest from Dartford, 54 miles north and 18 miles east from Madison. It is at the head of navigation on the Pukyaun river, the main east branch of the Upper Fox. The rapids afford a fine water power. It has 1 hotel, 1 mill, and a congregational and methodist denomination. The roads from Sheboygan to La Crosse, from Green Bay to Fort Winnebago, and from Oshkosh to the Upper Fox River, all cross the rapids at this place.

BOILING, Creek, is a small stream in the town of Black Earth, Dane county, emptying into the Wisconsin.

BOIS BRULE, River, (Burnt Wood,) a tributary of Lake Superior, into which it enters, about 20 miles east from Fond du Lac bay. It rises near the Upper St. Croix lake, and is nearly 100 miles in length.

BOIS, Creek, a branch of Grant river, from the east, in the town of Potosi, Grant county.

BOIS, Prairie, a long and narrow prairie, extending from Lancaster nearly to Potosi in Grant county.

BONNER'S, Creek, rises near Belmont, Lafayette county, and runs east into the Pekatonica, in the town of Willow Springs.

BOOTH, lake, is a small lake on the line between the towns of Troy and East Troy, Walworth county.

BOTHELLE, P. V., in Fond du Lac county, on section 7, in the town of Eldorado, being town 16 N., of range 16 E., 15 miles northwest from the city of Fond du Lac, and 70 miles northeast from Madison.

BOYD's, Creek, a small stream entering the Wisconsin, in town 7 N., of range 4 W., in Crawford county.

BRADFORD, Town, in county of Rock, being township No. 2 N., of range 14 E., located 12 miles east from Janesville, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 703. It has 8 school districts.

BRIDGEPORT, P. V., in Brown county, on section 2, town 21 N., of range 19 E.

BRIGHAM'S, Branch, a small tributary of the Fourth Lake, in Dane county.

BRIGHAM'S, Prairie, is a large prairie in the town of Blue Mounds, Dane county.

BRIGHTON, P. V., in town of same name, Kenosha county.

BRIGHTON, Town, in county of Kenosha, being township 2 N., of range 23 E.; located 17 miles west from Kenosha, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 180. It has 7 school districts.

BRISTOL, P. 0., in town of same name, in the county of Kenosha.

BRISTOL, Town, in county of Dane, being township 9 N., of range 11 E.; located 14 miles northeast from Madison, the county seat. It has 5 school districts.

BRISTOL, Town, in county of Kenosha, being township 1 N., of range 21 E.; located 10 miles southwest from Kenosha, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 1,125. It has 12 school districts.

BRISTOL, P. V., Kenosha county, on section 4, town 1 N., of range 21 E., being in town of same name; located 11 miles west from Kenosha, and 95 miles southeast from Madison. The post office was established in 1839.

BROCK'S, Crossing, on L'eau Galle, in St. Croix county.

BROKEN GUN, Channel, the middle outlet of Black river.

BROOKFIELD, P. O., in town of same name, Waukesha county.

BROOKFIELD, Town, in the county of Waukesha, being township 7 N., of range 20 E.; located 9 miles northeast from Waukesha, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 1,939. It has 13 school districts.

BROOKLYN, Creek, a small stream, entering the Wisconsin from the southwest, at Brooklyn, Grant county.

BROOKLYN, Town, in county of Green, being township 4 N., of range 9 E.; located 17 miles northeast from Monroe, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 531. It has 8 school districts.

BROOKLYN, Town, in county of Marquette, being township 16 N., of range 13 E. It has 9 school districts.

BROOKLYN, Town, in county of Sauk, having 7 school districts.

BROOKLYN, Village, in Grant county, on Wisconsin river, at the outlet of creek of the same name, in the town of Patch Grove.

BROWN, County, is bounded on the north by Oconto, on the east by Kewaunee, on the south by Manitowoc, and on the west by Outagamie, and a portion of Oconto. It derived its name from General Brown, commander-in-chief of the army, and was originally organized by an act of the legislative council of the territory of Michigan, approved 16th October, 1818, and then included all of the territory of the present state of Wisconsin, east of a line drawn due north firom the northern boundary of Illinois, through the middle of the Portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. Its limits have been decreased from time to time, until at present it contains only fourteen and a half townships, being 21 by 24 miles square, with an addition of 3 by 6 miles to its northwestern corner. The seat of justice is established by law at the village of Depere, on the Neenah, about eight miles from its mouth, although the courts are held, and most of the county business transacted at Green Bay. Its streams are: Fox, (Neenah), Manitoo, (or East), Ashwabena and Big Suamico rivers, and Duck creek. The soil is better adapted to grazing than the raising of grain, although it produces good crops of wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, &c. The surface is mostly level or slightly undulating, with but little swamp or waste land. It is mostly heavily timbered, with maple, beech, birch, &c., interspersed with pine and a good proportion of hemlock. Brown county is attached to the fourth judicial circuit, to the third congressional, and to the second senatorial district, and with Kewaunee and Door, forms an assembly district. The population in 1825 was 952; 1830, 964; 1836, 2,706; 1838, 3,081; 1840, 2,107; 1842, 2,146; 1846, 2,662; 1847, 2,914; 1850, 6,222. Farms, 267; manufactories, 23; and dwellings, 1,005. It must be borne in mind that new counties were established from the county of Brown, between nearly every taking of the census, and that the foregoing table, so far as showing the increase of population is concerned, is a very unsatisfactory one. The following are the county officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, David Agry; Sheriff, Orlo B. Graves; Clerk of Court, John Last; District Attorney, Baron S. Doty; Register of Deeds, E. Holmes Ellis; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, Wm. Field, Jr.; County Treasurer, Charles Henry; County Surveyor, Eli P. Royce; Coroner, David Cormier.

BROWN, Lake, about one and a half miles east of the village of Burlington, in Racine county. It is nearly a mile in diameter, and discharges its waters into the Pishtaka.

BUENA VISTA, P. V., Portage county, on section 20, town 22 N., of range 9 E.; 100 miles north from Madison, in a good farming country; with 100 inhabitants, 25 dwellings, 3 hotels, and 1 church.

BUENA VISTA, Town, in county of St. Croix.

BUCK, Creek, empties into the Mississippi, in town 9, Crawford county.

BUFFALO, Town, in county of Marquette, being township 14 N., of range 10 E. It has 4 school districts.

BUFFALO, Lake, Marquette county, is an expansion of the Neenah river, about 12 miles in length. It is mostly in town 15 N., of ranges 9 and 10 E.

BUFFALO, River, forms the boundary line for several miles between La Crosse and Chippewa counties, emptying into the Mississippi, in town 24 N., of range 6 E.

BUFFALO, Slough, the name given to the lower mouth of the Chippewa river.

BULLION, P. 0., in Waukesha county.

BURKE, Town, in the county of Dane, being township 8 N., of range 10 E.; located 6 miles from Madison, the county seat. It has 6 school districts.

BURLINGTON, Town, in the county of Racine, north 2 of town 2 N., and town 3 N., of range 19 E.; located 24 miles west of Racine, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 1,640. It has 8 school districts.

BURLINGTON, P. V., on Fox river, in town of same name, in county of Racine, on section 32, in town 4 N., of range 19 E.

BURNETT CORNERS, P. O., in town of Burnett, Dodge county.

BURNETT, P. O., in town of same name, Dodge county.

BURNETTE, Town, in the county of Dodge, being town 12 N., of range 15 E.; located 6 miles north from Juneau, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 816. It has 6 school districts.

BURNT DISTRICT, Falls, two perpendicular falls in the Menominee river, near its source, about a mile apart, and 9 feet in height.

BURNT WOOD, River, see Bois Brule.

BUTLER, P.O., Milwaukee county, on section 6 in town of Wauwatosa, (town 7 N., range 21 E.,) 8 miles northwest from Milwaukee, on the Lisbon plank road, being the route of the North Madison Territory road from Milwaukee, and 80 miles from Madison. It has 1 hotel and a steam saw mill.

BUTTE DES MORTS, P. V., Winnebago county, on section 24 in town of Winneconne, (town 19 N., of range 15 E.), 10 miles north west from Oshkosh, the county seat, and 85 miles northeast from Madison. It is beautifully situated on a high bluff on the left bank of the Fox river, near the head of lake Butte des Morts, from which it takes its name. It offers many inducements to the settler, being a very healthy location, and surrounded by a good farming country. Lumber is plenty, immense quantities being rafted on the river. Population, 100; with 15 dwellings, 5 stores, 3 hotels, 1 steam mill, 2 religious denominations, and various mechanical shops.

BYRON, P. O., in Fond du Lac county.

BYRON, Town, in county of Fond du Lac, being town 14 N., of range 17 E.; centrally located, 8 miles south from Fond du Lac, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 882. It has 9 school districts.

CADIZ, P. V., in town of same name, Greene (sic) county; being on section 14, in town 1 N., of range 6 E.

CADIZ, Town, in the county of Green, being town 1 N., of range 6 E.; centrally located, 8 miles southwest from Monroe. The population in 1850 was 459. It has 5 school districts.

CADWELL PRAIRIE, P. O., in county of Racine.

CALAMUS, Town, in the county of Dodge, being town 11 N., of range 13 E.; centrally located, 12 miles west from Juneau, the county seat. It has 6 school districts.

CALEDONIA, P. O., in town of same name, in county of Racine; being town 4 N., of range 22 E.

CALEDONIA, Town, in the county of Racine, being town 4 N., of range 22 E.; centrally located, 6 miles northwest from Racine. The population in 1850 was 1,065. It has 11 school districts.

CALEDONIA, Town, in the county of Columbia. It has 6 school districts.

CALEDONIA, Town, in the county of Portage.

CALUMET, County, is bounded on the north by Brown and Outagamie, on the east by Manitowoc, on the south by Sheboygan and Fond du Lac, and on the west by Winnebago. It was set off from Brown, December 7, 1836, and organized for county purposes, January 6, 1840. On the 13th of August, 1840, it was disorganized, and its territory attached to Brown. It was again reorganized February 18, 1842, remaining in judicial connection with Brown until the organization of Fond du Lac, January 22, 1844, to which it was attached for judicial purposes. It was fully organized February 5, 1840. The seat of justice is at Chilton Centre, in the town of Charlestown, being in town 18 N., of range 20 E. It is well watered by tributaries of the Manitowoc river, and by small streams entering Lake Winnebago. The Brothertown and Stockbridge Indians have fine settlements, schools, and churches, in this county, and their farms and buildings compare favorably with others in the State. They are entitled to all the privileges of citizenship, and are frequently represented by some of their own number in the State legislature. This county contains much good land, which is for sale at low rates; the soil is good, and covered with a heavy growth of hard timber. It forms a portion of the fourth judicial circuit, of the third congressional, and of the first senate district, and sends one member to the assembly. The population in 1840 was 275; 1842, 407; 1846, 836; 1847, 1,060; 1850, 1,746. Farms, 243; manufactories, 5; dwellings, 381. The county officers for 1853 and 1854 are: County Judge, Moody Mann; Sheriff, J. S. Hammer; Clerk of Court, Charles Growing; Register, L. P. Fowler.

CALUMET VILLAGE, P. V., in town of same name, Fond du Lac county.

CALUMET, Town, in the county of Fond du Lac, being the south fractional half of township 17 N., of range 18 and 19 E., and north fractional half of town 16 N., of range 19 E.; centrally located, 10 miles northeast from Fond du Lac. The population in 1850, as then organized, 1,704.

CALVIN'S, Creek, in Manitowoc county, a small stream, entering Lake Michigan about 5 miles southwest from the mouth of the Manitowoc river.

CAMBRIDGE, P. V., in northern part of town of Christiana, Dane county, on stage route from Madison to Whitewater.

CAMP, Creek, rises in the north west corner of Richland county, and runs westerly into Otter creek, of Bad Ax county.

CAMP, lake, in Kenosha county, is a long and narrow lake near the centre of the town of Salem.

CARMIA, Island, near the western shore of lake Michigan, in Door county.

CASCADE, P. V., Sheboygan county, in town of same name, on section 29, town 14 N., of range 21 E.; 18 miles southwest from Sheboygan, and 110 miles northeast from Madison, on the most direct route between the same. It is situated on the east branch of the Milwaukee river, and has a good water power; in the midst of a good, though new, farming country, mostly of timbered lands. It has 300 inhabitants, 25 families, 2 stores, 2 hotels, 1 saw, and 1 grist mill; 3 organized denominations, baptist, congregatioinal, and methodist. It has a good charter for an academy.

CASSVILLE, P. V. in town of same name, Grant county, being in town 3 N., of range 5 W., on the Mississippi river, and was formerly a place of considerable importance.

CASSVILLE, Town, in county of Grant, being all of the same embraced in towns 3 and 4 N., of ranges 5 and 6 W.; centrally located, 15 miles southwest from Lancaster, the county seat. It has 7 school districts.

CASTLE ROCK, on the west bank of the Wisconsin river, in town 15 N., of range 5 E,, in Adams county.

CATFISH, River, rises in the Fourth Lake, and connecting the four lakes in Dane county, runs southeast, emptying into the Rock river in the town of Fulton, Rock county.

CEDARBURG, P. V., in town of same name, Ozaukee county, being on section 34, town 10 N., of range 21 E.; located 10 miles southwest from Ozaukee.

CEDARBETG, Town, in county of Washington, being town 10 N., of range 21 E., excepting the easterly range of sections belonging to the town of Grafton; centrally located, 8 miles southwest from Ozaukee, the county seat. The population in 1850 was 1,134. It has 7 school districts.

CEDAR CREEK, P. V., in town of Polk, Washington county, being on section 10, in town 10 N., of range 19 E.

CEDAR GROVE, P. V., in Sheboygan county, in section 30, town 13 N., of range 23 E.; located 15 miles southerly from Sheboygan, and 75 miles east northeast from Madison. It has 6 dwellings, 1 hotel, and 2 stores.

CEDAR, Lake, is a small lake on the line between the towns of Polk and West Bend, in Washington county.

CEDAR, Lake, in the town of Rhine, Sheboygan county, on sections 31 and 32, town 16 N., of range 21 E.

CEDAR, Rapids, of Fox river, about half way between Grand and Little Chute.

CEDAR, River, rises in Cedar lake, and running southeasterly enters Milwaukee river in the southwest corner of the town of Grafton, Washington county.

CENTRE, P. O., in town of same name, Rock county.

CENTRE, Town, in county of Rock, being town 3 N., range 9 E.; centrally located 10 miles west of Janesville. The population in 1850 was 625. It has 7 school districts.

CENTRE, Lake, a small lake in the centre of the town of Trenton, Washington county.

CENTRE, Town, in Lafayette county.

CENTRES, River, is a small tributary entering Manitowoc river about 10 miles from its mouth, having its source in Brown county.

CENTREVILLE, P. O., in town of Randolph, Columbia county.

CENTREVILLE, Town, in Manitowoc county.

CENTREVILLE, Town, in county of Waupacca, being the northwest portion of the same.

CERESCO, Town, in county of Fond du Lac, being town 16 N., of range 14 E.; located 19 miles northwest from Fond du Lac city. It has 6 school districts.

CERESCO, P. O., in town of same name, Fond du Lac county, on sections 16, 17, 20 and 21.

CHAGWAMIGON, or CHE-GOI-ME-GON, Bay, see Shagwamigon.

CHAGWAMIGON, Point, in La Pointe county, east of bay of same name.

CHAMBER'S, Island, near the eastern shore of Green Bay, in towns 32 and 33 N., of range 27 E., in Door county.

CHAMBER'S, Lake, is about a mile in length, on an island of same name in Green Bay.

CHAPPEAU, Rapids, of the Menomonee river, are above Menomonee Rapids.

CHARLESTON, P. V., in town of same name, Calumet county, on section 6.

CHARLESTOWN, Town, in county of Calumet, being in the east part thereof. It has 6 school districts.

CHARLOTTE, P. O., in town of Cassville, Grant county, being town 4 N., of range 5 W.

CHERRY HILL, P. O., in Washington county.

CHESTER, P. O., in town of same name, Dodge county, on section 28.

CHESTER, Town, in county of Dodge, being town 13 N., of range 15 E.; centrally located, 13 miles northwest from Juneau. Population in 1850 was 829. It has 4 school districts.

CHILTON CENTRE, P. F., and C. H., in town of Charleston, Calumet county, town 18 N., of range 20 E. The county seat was located at this place by a vote of the county, in 1852.

CHIPPEWA FALLS, P. V., and C. H., at falls of Chippewa river, in county of same name, at which place the river has a descent of 24 feet in half a mile. Population 250. Good hotel and several mills.

CHIPPEWA, County, is bounded on the N. by St. Croix and La Pointe, on the E. by Marathon, on the S. by La Crosse, on the S. W. by the Mississippi river, and on the W. by St. Croix. The southern boundary is rather indefinitely defined. It was establishled-from Crawford, February 3, 1835, but has never been organized. Since the organization of La Crosse county, March 1, 1851, the county and judicial connection has been changed from Crawford to La Crosse. The boundaries were somewhat charged January 14, 1846. Population in 1850 was 615. The soil in the western portion is good, in the northeastern less valuable, and covered with forests of excellent pine timber. It is watered by Chippewa river and its branches, and tributaries of Buffalo and Mississippi rivers. The tributaries of the Chippewa river are numerous, and pass through large portions of the county, watering lands as valuable as any in the State. There are now in successful operation 11 saw mills, capable of cutting 30,000,000 feet of lumber annually. The largest of these mills is owned by Allen, at Chippewa Falls; Menomonee, owned by Knapp, Williams & Taintor; and Carson & Eaton, at the mouth of the Eau Galla, which average about 5,000,000 of feet each, per annum, and furnish employment for about 200 hands each. The county seat was established by an act of the legislature, at the January session 1853, at Chippewa Falls, on Chippewa river.

CHIPPEWA, Rapids, in county of same name. This name has been given to two rapids in Chippewa river, one in town 29 N., of range 8 W., and the other in town 30 N., of range 7 W.

CHIPPEWA (Ojibwa),River, the largest tributary in Wisconsin of the Mississippi, into which it empties in town 22 N., of range 14 W. It rises near the head waters of Bad river of Lake Superior, and runs southerly, to its mouth, where it is 500 yards wide.

CHRISTIANA, Town, in county of Dane, being town 6 N., of range 12 E.; centrally located 17 miles southeast from Madison. The population in 1850 was 785. It has 10 school districts.

CHRISTIANA, P. V., in town of same name, Dane county, on section 23, town 6 N., of range 12 E., being 23 miles southeast fiom Madison. It is situated on Koskonong creek-possesses good water power, with good lime stone and excellent quarries of sand stone. Population 200, dwellings 30, stores 2, hotels 1, mills 2, a stone school house, and 1 carding machine.

CHRYSTAL LAKE, Town, in county of Marquette, being town 17 N., of range 10.

CLAIRVILLE, P. O., in Winnebago county.

CLARENCE, P. O., in the county of Greene.

CLARNO, Town, in county of Green, being town 1 N., of range 7; centrally located, 7 miles south from Monroe. The population in 1850 was 714. It has 5 school districts.

CLAYTON, Town, in county of Winnebago, being town 20 N., range of 16 E.; centrally located, 13 miles from Oshkosh. The population in 1850 was 402. It has 4 school districts.

CLEARWATER, P. V., in Chippewa county, in town 27 N., of range 9 W., at the mouth of L'eau Claire river. Population, 200; 2 mills, 1 store, and 1 hotel.

CLEARWATER, river, see L'eau Claire, Chippewa county.

CLIFTON, Town, in county of Grant, being town 5 N., of range 1 W.; centrally located, 12 miles west from Lancaster. It has 5 school districts.

CLIFTON, Village, in the town of Roxbury, Dane county, immediately opposite Prairie du Sac, on the Wisconsin river. The location is a beautiful one, possessing good shores and other facilities for unloading rafts and boats. As yet, but few improvements have been made. There is 1 store, 1 tannery, 2 lumber yards, and about 50 inhabitants. A large portion of the lumber used in Madison and the interior of Dane county, is brought from this place, to which it is floated from the immense pineries on the Upper Wisconsin river. Its prospects for being an important lumbering and trading point are, at present, very flattering.

CLINTON, P. V., in town of same name, Rock county.

CLINTON, Town, in county of Rock, being town 1 N., of range 14 E.; centrally located, 14 miles southeast from Janesville. The population in 1850 was 1,176. It has 8 school districts.

CLYDE, Town, in county of Iowa, being part of townships 7 and 8 N., of ranges 2 and 3 E.; centrally located, 18 miles north of Mineral Point, the county seat. It has 3 school districts. It is on the Wisconsin river, on both sides of Otter creek. It is an agricultural town, well timbered and watered, and has one grist mill.

CLYMAN, P. O., in town of same name, Dodge county.

CLYMAN, Town, in county of Dodge, being town 10 N., of range 15 E.; centrally located, 6 miles south from Juneau. The population in 1850 was 735. It has 9 school districts.

COLAMER, P. O., in town of Kingston, Sauk county.

COLD SPRING, Lake, a small lake in the town of Fredonia, Washington county.

COLD SPRING, P. V., in town of same name, in the county of Jefferson; 8 miles southeast from Jefferson.

COLD SPRING, Race Course, situated 2 miles west from Milwaukee, the property of E. B. Walcott, M. D., of Milwaukee.

COLD SPRING, Town, in county of Jefferson, being town 1 N., of range 15 E.; centrally located, 9 miles southeast from Jefferson. The population in 1850 was 568. It has 5 school districts.

COLLINS, P. O., in Manitowoc county.

COLUMBUS, P. V., in town of same name, on section 12 Columbia county, on the Crawfish river. It is considerable of a village.

COLUMBUS, Town, in county of Columbia, being town 10 N., of range 12; centrally located, 24 miles southeast from Portage. The population in 1850 was 960. It has 7 school districts.

COLUMBIA, County, is bounded on the north by Adams and Marquette, on the east by Dodge, on the south by Dane, and on the west by Sauk; and is located mostly in the vicinity of the Portage of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. It was set off from Portage and organized February 3, 1846. The boundaries were somewhat changed March 6, 1849. The streams of this county are: the Fox, (Neenah), Wisconsin, and Crawfish rivers, and Rocky Run, Ockie, Spring, and Duck creeks. For fertility of soil and feasibility of lands, the most of which are openings and prairie, this county is unsurpassed by any other in the State. It is connected with the third judicial circuit, and with the third congressional district, and constitutes the twenty-fifth senate district; sends two members to the assembly, being divided into the north and south assembly districts, nearly of the same size. The towns of Winnebago, Port Hope, Marcellon, Scott, Randolph, Portage, Prairie, Spring Vale, and Wyocena, forming the first; and the towns of Columbus, Fountain Prairie, Hampden, Otsego, Leeds, Lowville, Lodi, Dekorra, Westpoint, and Caledonia, the second district. The vote of the electors at the annual town meeting in April, 1851, permanently located the seat of justice at Fort Winnebago, in accordance with an act approved March 15, 1851. The population in 1846 was 1,969; 1847, 3,791; 1850, 9,565. Farms, 998; manufactories, 25; dwellings, 1,855. County officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, Joshua J. Guppy; Sheriff, Perry Lee; Clerk of Court, James Delany, Register of Deeds, William Owen; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, Alvin Alden; County Treasurer, H. Hascall; County Surveyor, John Thomas; Coroner, Isaac Smith.

COMO, lake, in the south part of the town of Geneva, in Walworth county. It is about three miles long, and half a mile broad.

CONCORD, P. O., in town of same name, Jefferson county, on section 15, known as "Kelloggs," formerly Union Centre.

CONCORD, Town, in county of Jefferson, being town 7 N., of range 16 E.; centrally located, 10 miles northeast from Jefferson. The population in 1850 was 725. It has 9 school districts.

COOKSVILLE, P. V., (Waucoma village), in Rock county, being on section 6, town 4 N., of range 11 E. It is 16 miles northwest from Janesville, and 18 miles southeast from Madison, on the edge of a broad and gently sloping prairie of two miles in width. It is on the Badfish, witlI three good millsites within one and a half miles. Population, 250; dwellings, 35; stores, 3; hotels, 1; mills, 3. 1 Presbyterian church, 1 sash and door, 1 waggon, 1 harness, 1 shoe, 1 blacksmith, 1 cabinet, and 1 tailor shop.

COON, Prairie, in Bad Ax county, on section 5, town 13 N., of range 4 W.

COON PRAIRIE, P. 0., in Crawford county.

COOPERSTOWN, P. V., in Brown county, on section 1, town 21 N., of range 22 E.

COPPER, Creek, empties into the Mississippi, in town 6, Crawford county.

COPPER, Creek, is a small stream entering Baraboo river from the N., about 5 miles below Reedsburg.

COPPER ROCK, River, is a tributary from the west of Wisconsin river, which it enters, at Rock Island, 10 miles below Grand Father Bull Falls.

COTTAGE GROVE, P. O., in town of same name, Dane county, on section 23.

COTTAGE GROVE, Town, in county of Dane, being town 7, range 11 E.; centrally located, 10 miles east from Madison. The population in 1850 was 1,022. It has 12 school districts, and 3 hotels; the settlers are principally Irish and German.

COTTAGE INN, P. O., in Lafayette county, on stage route from Madison to Galena, 60 miles southwest from Madison.

COURT-EOREILLE, Lake, (Lac Court-eoreille, Agasowi Lake), a considerable lake in the southern part of La Pointe county, discharging its waters through a river of the same name, into the Chippewa river.

COURT-EOREILLE, River, rises in lake of same name, runs southeast into the Chippewa.

COURTLAND, Town, in county of Columbia.

CRANBERRY, Creek, in Adams county, is a northern branch of the Yellow river.

CRANBERRY, Lakes, several small lakes in the town of Concord, Jefferson county; have been so named on account of the great quantities of that fruit formerly found in their vicinity.

CRAWFISH, River, rises in the town of Hampden, Columbia county, and running southeasterly, uniting with Beaver Dam creek, in Dodge county, enters Rock river, at Jefferson. It is about the samne size as Rock river.

CRAWFORD, County, is located at the junction between the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers, and is bounded on the north by Bad Ax, on the east by Richland, on the southeast by Grant, and on the west by the Mississippi, which separates it from the State of Iowa. It was established October 16, 1818, when it embraced all of the territory between the Mississippi and "a line drawn due north from the northern line of the State of Illinois, through the centre of the Portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers to the Michilimacinac," and derived its name from Hon. Wm. H. Crawford, formerly Secretary of War, and afterwards Secretary of the Treasury. Its limits have now been so far reduced that it is one of the smallest counties in the State. The seat of justice is at Prairie du Chien, one of the oldest settlements in the State, on the Mississippi river, about three miles above the mouth of the Wisconsin, and is one of the most beautiful locations in the west. The surface of the country is broken by a ridge running between the two great rivers. The soil, for the most part, is good, producing wheat, oats, and most other grains, which find a ready home market, in supplying the lumber traders, military posts, and the great tide of emigration which is now turned to this and the neighboring counties of La Crosse and Bad Ax. It is watered by the Kickapoo river and its branches, and small streams emptying into the Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers. Between the Kickapoo river and Richland county, is one of the finest tracts of country in the State. It is well supplied with pure water; and good timber is found along the banks of the small streams, and in groves, scattered at convenient distances, to be useful for the rapidly increasing population. A fine village has been regularly laid out midway between the mouth of the Kickapoo and the Richland county line, on the Wisconsin river, called Boyd's town. It has a good landing. There is much pine timber in this county, on and near the banks of the Kickapoo, from which large quantities of lumber are manufactured, finding an outlet to a market by said river, and the Wisconsin and Mississippi. Copper has been found in the northern part of the county, in such quantities and appearance as to indicate the near presence of a vast body of that mineral. Near the west bank of the Kickapoo, in town 8, has been found considerable quantities of lead, and there is no doubt that if a geological survey was made, that lead, rivalling in quantity and purity that raised in the counties of Iowa, Grant and Lafayette, would be discovered. It is connected with the sixth judicial circuit, and the nineteenth senate district, and with Bad Ax, is entitled to one member of the assembly. The estimated population of Crawford county in 1825, includinlg most of the present State and a portion of Minnesota, was 492. The population in 1830 was 692; 1836, 854; 1838, 1,220; 1840, 1,502; 1842, 1,409; 1846, 1,441; 1847, 1,409; 1850, (including Bad Ax and La Crosse,) 2,399; 1850: within its present limits, 1,407. Farms, 81; mnanufactories, 14; dwellings, 665. The above will give but little information in regard to the increase of population, as new counties were set off between nearly every taking of the census. The present population of the county is upwards of 3,000. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, Hiram A. Wright; Sheriff, Leander LeClerc; Clerk of Court, Ira B. Brunson; District Attorney, Samuel Cowden; Register of Deeds, Ira B. Brunson; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, Heman Baldwin; County Treasurer, I. P. Perrett Gentil; County Surveyor, Ira B. Brunson; Coroner, Henry H. Bailey.

CROCODILE, River, or Rice River, see Fond du Lac river.

CROOKED, Lake, a small body of water near the Wisconsin, in the town of Fennimore, Grant county.

CROOKED, Lake, an expansion of Bark river, in the south part of the town of Summit, Waukesha county, a short distance below the Nebalimin lakes.

CROOKED, lake, near the centre of the town of Auburn, Fond du Lac county.

CROSS PLAINS, P. 0., in town of same name, Dane county.

CROSS PLAINS, Town, in the county of Dane, being town 7 N., of ranges 6) and 7 E.; centrally located, 17 miles W. from Madison. It has 7 school districts.

CRYSTAL, Lake, in Marquette county, in town 17 N., on a line between ranges 9 and 10 east, discharging its waters south easterly, into the Neenah, near the line between towns 15 and 16 north.

CYAON, Creek, empties into the Kickapoo from the west, in town 9 north, in Crawford county.